प्रस्यन्दमानात्सोमात्तु पित्रर्थं तु परिश्रवान्
From Soma, which flows forth, he pours out for the sake of the ancestors.
उपास्ते पितृमन्तं तं सोमं दिवि समास्थितः
He worships that Soma, full of ancestors, established in heaven.
सिनीवालीप्रमाणेभ्यः सिनीवालीमुपास्य सः
From the measures of Sinīvālī, he worships Sinīvālī.
स तदा तामुपासीनः कालापेक्षः प्रपश्यति
Sitting there, he observes her, awaiting the proper time.
दशभिः पञ्चभिश्चैव सुधामृतपरिस्रवैः
With ten and also five streams of nectar and ambrosia,
सद्यः प्रक्षरता तेन सौम्येन मधुना तु सः
He, with that gentle honey which immediately flows forth,
सुधामृतेन राजैन्द्रस्तर्प यामास वै पितॄन्
King Indra satisfied the ancestors with nectar and ambrosia.
ऋतमग्निस्तु यः प्रोक्तः स तु संवत्सरो मतः
That which is called ṛta (cosmic order) is Agni, and he is considered to be the year.
आर्तवा ह्यर्द्धमासाख्याः पितरो ह्यृतुसूनवः
The seasons are known as half-months, and the ancestors are indeed the sons of the seasons.
प्रपितामहास्तु वै देवाः पञ्चाब्दा ब्रह्मणः सुताः
The great-grandfathers are the gods, the five-year periods are the sons of Brahmā.
उपहूताः स्मृता देवाः सोमजाः सोमपाः स्मृताः
The gods who are invited are called the children of Soma, and those who drink Soma are so remembered.
काव्या बर्हिषद श्चैव अग्निष्वात्ताश्च तास्त्रिधा
The Kāvyas, the Barhiṣads, and the Agniṣvāttas—these are the threefold groups.
गृहस्थाश्चाप्ययज्वान अग्निष्वात्तास्तथार्त्तवाः
The householders who do not perform sacrifices are called Agniṣvāttas, as are the Ārtavas.
तेषां संवत्सरो ह्यग्निः सूयस्तु परिवत्सरः
For them, Agni is the year, Sūya is the parivatsara (a specific year).
रुद्रस्तु वत्सरस्तेषां पञ्चाब्दास्ते युगात्मकाः
For them, Rudra is the vatsara (year), and the five-year periods are of the nature of a yuga.
ये ते पिबन्त्यमावस्यां मासिमासि सुधां दिवि
Those who drink nectar in the heavens every month on the new moon day—
यस्मात्प्रस्रवते सोमान्मासि मासि धिनोति च
Because Soma flows forth month by month and nourishes them—
एवं तदमृतं सौम्यं सुधा च मदु चैव ह
Thus, that immortal, gentle nectar, as well as honey and mead—
पिबन्त्यंबुमयं देवास्त्रयस्त्रिंशत्तु छन्दनाः
The thirty-three fragrant gods drink that watery essence.
इत्येवं पीयमानैस्तु देवैः सर्वैर्निशाकरः
Thus, as all the gods drink, the moon is diminished.
सुषुम्णाप्यायितं चैव ह्यमावस्यां यथा क्रमम्
And at the new moon, the Suṣumnā channel is replenished in due order.
पीतक्षयं ततः सोमं सूर्यो ऽसावेकरश्मिना
After the Soma has been consumed, the sun dries it up with a single ray.
निः शेषायां कलायां तु सोममाप्याययत्पुनः
When only one digit remains, the Soma is replenished again.
कलाः क्षीयन्ति ताः कृष्णाः शुक्ला चाप्याययन्ति तम्
The dark digits wane, while the bright ones fill it up.
दृश्यते पौर्णमास्यां वै शुक्लः संपूर्णमण्डलः
On the full moon night, the bright, complete disc is seen.
इत्येवं पितृमान्सोमः स्मृत इड्वत्सरात्मकः
Thus, Soma, possessed of ancestors, is remembered as the embodiment of the year, like Iḍ.
अतः पर्वाणि वक्ष्यामि वर्वणां संधयश्च ये
Now I shall speak about the sacred days and the junctures of the fortnights.
तथार्द्धमासि पर्वाणि शुक्लकृष्णानि चैव हि
Likewise, the sacred days of the half-months are both of the bright and dark fortnights.
अर्द्धमासं तु पर्वाणि द्वितीयाप्रभृतीनि तु
Indeed, the sacred days of the half-month begin from the second day onward.
तस्मात्तु पर्वणामादौ प्रतिपत्सर्वसंधिषु
Therefore, at the beginning of the sacred days, at every juncture starting from the first day—