वर्षास्वथो शरदि वै चतुर्भिश्च प्रवर्षति
In the rainy season and in autumn, he pours down with four streams.
इन्द्रो धाता भगः पूषा मित्रो ऽथ वरुणोर्ऽयमा
Indra, Dhata, Bhaga, Pusha, Mitra, and then Varuna and Yama—
माघमासे तु वरुणः पूषा चैव तु फलाल्गुने
In the month of Magha, Varuna; and Pusha in Phalguna.
ज्येष्ठमासे भवेदिन्द्रश्चाषाढे सविता रविः
In the month of Jyeshtha, Indra; in Ashadha, Savita the Sun.
पर्जन्यो ऽश्वयुजे मासि त्वष्टा च कार्तिके रविः
Parjanya in the month of Ashvayuja, and Tvashtri, the Sun, in Kartika.
पञ्चरश्मिसहस्राणि वरुणस्यार्ककर्मणि
Varuna has five thousand rays in the work of the Sun.
धाताष्टभिः सहस्रैस्तु नवभिस्तु शतक्रतुः
Dhata with eight thousand, and Shatakratu (Indra) with nine thousand.
सप्तभिस्तपते सित्रस्त्वष्टा चैवाष्टभिस्तपेत्
Sitra shines with seven, and Tvashtri also shines with eight.
षड्भी रश्मिसहस्रैस्तु विषणुस्तपति मेदिनीम्
Vishnu shines upon the earth with six thousand rays.
श्वेतवर्णस्तु वर्षासु पाण्डुः शरदि भास्करः
In the rainy season, he is white in color; in autumn, the Sun is pale.
इति वर्णाः समा ख्याताः सूर्यस्यर्तुसमुद्भवाः
Thus, the colors of the Sun arising in the seasons have been described.
सूर्यो ऽमरेष्वप्यमृतं त्रयं त्रिषु न यच्छति
The Sun does not grant the triple nectar even among the immortals.
भिद्यते ऋतुमासाद्य जलशीतोष्णनिस्रवम्
It is divided, as the seasons arrive, into the flow of water, cold, and heat.
नक्षत्रग्रहसोमानां प्रतिष्ठा योनिरेव च
The foundation and womb of the stars, planets, and Moon.
नक्षत्राधिपतिः सोमो ग्रह राजो दिवाकरः
The lord of the stars is Soma, the king of the planets is the Sun.
पठ्यते चाग्निरादित्य उदकं चन्द्रमाः स्मृतः
It is said that Agni is the Sun, water is regarded as the Moon.
सुरसेनापतिः स्कन्दः पठ्यते ऽङ्गारको ग्रहः
Skanda is the commander of the gods; the planet Mars is also named.
रुद्रो वैवस्वतः साक्षाद्यमो लोकप्रभुः स्वयम्
Rudra is Vaivasvata himself, Yama, the lord of beings, in person.
देवासुरगुरू द्वौ तु भानुमन्तौ महा ग्रहौ
The two great planets, the preceptors of gods and asuras, are both radiant.
आदित्यमूलमखिलं त्रैलोक्यं नात्र संशयः
All the three worlds have their origin in the Sun; of this there is no doubt.
रुद्रोपेन्द्रेन्द्रचन्द्राणां विप्रेन्द्रास्त्रिदिवौकसाम्
Of Rudra, Upendra, Indra, the Moon, the foremost of Brahmins, and the gods of heaven—
सर्वात्मा सर्वलोकेशो महादेवः प्रजापतिः
The Supreme Self, the lord of all worlds, the great god, the progenitor of beings—
ततः संजायते सर्वं तत्र चैव प्रलीयते
From him all things arise, and into him indeed all things dissolve.
जगज्ज्ञेयो ग्रहो विप्रा दीप्तिमान्सुप्रभो रविः
Know, O Brahmins, that the planet which is the Sun, bright and radiant, is the knower of the world.
क्षणा मुहूर्त्ता दिवसा निशाः पक्षाश्च कृत्स्नशः
Moments, muhūrtas, days, nights, and fortnights—all these entirely—
तदादित्यादृते ह्येषा कालंसख्या न विद्यते
Without that Sun, indeed, there would be no reckoning of time.
ऋतूनामविभागाच्च पुष्पमूलफलं कुतः
Without the distinction of seasons, how could there be flowers, roots, or fruits?
अभावो व्यवहाराणां जन्तूनां दिवि चैह च
There would be absence of activities for creatures, both in heaven and here on earth.
स एष कालश्चाग्निश्च द्वादशात्मा प्रजापतिः
He is time, he is fire, he is Prajāpati with twelve forms.
स एष तेचसां राशिस्तमो घ्रन्सार्वलौकिकम्
He is the mass of radiance, the destroyer of darkness, universal to all worlds.