ततस्तदा वहो वायुर्हेमवन्तं समुद्वहन्
Then, at that time, the wind carries the Hemavanta mountain.
हिमवन्तमतिक्रम्य वृष्टिशेषं ततः परम्
Crossing over Himavat, the remaining rain passes beyond.
वर्षद्वयं समाख्यातं सस्यद्वयविवृद्धये
A period of two years is said to be for the increase of two crops.
सूर्य एव तु वृष्टीनां स्रष्टा समुपदिश्यते
Indeed, the Sun alone is declared to be the creator of the rains.
ध्रुवेणाधिष्ठितः सूर्यस्तस्यां वृष्टौ प्रवर्त्तते
The sun, established by Dhruva, proceeds in its course during the rainy season.
ग्रहो निःसृत्य सूर्यात्तु कृत्स्ने नक्षत्रमण्डले
A planet, having emerged from the sun, moves throughout the entire region of the stars.
ततः सूर्यरथस्याथ सन्निवेशं निबोधत
Now, listen to the arrangement of the sun’s chariot.
हिरण्मयेन भगवांस्तथैव हरिदर्वणा
The blessed one (the sun) is similarly adorned with a golden, green-hued yoke.
चक्रेण भास्वता सूर्यः स्यन्दनेन प्रसर्पति
The sun advances with a radiant wheel, with his chariot.
द्विगुणो ऽस्य रथोपस्थादीषादण्डः प्रमाणतः
The measuring rod (īṣādaṇḍa) is twice the size of the platform of his chariot.
असंगः काञ्चनो दिव्यो युक्तः पवनगैर्हयैः
It is unattached, golden, divine, and yoked with wind-speed horses.
वारुणस्यन्दनस्येह लक्षणैः सदृशस्तु सः
This chariot is similar in its features to the chariot of Varuṇa.
अथैतानि तु सूर्यस्य प्रत्यङ्गानि रथस्य ह
Now, these are indeed the component parts of the sun’s chariot.
अहस्तु नाभिः सौरस्य एकचक्रस्य वै स्मृतः
The day is said to be the hub of the solar (one-wheeled) chariot.
रथनीडः स्मृतो ह्येष चायने कूबरावुभौ
This is called the chariot’s seat, and the two poles are the solstices.
तस्य काष्ठा स्मृता घोणा अक्षदण्डः क्षणस्तु वै
The axle is called the shaft, the yoke is the pole, and the moment is the peg.
रात्रिर्वरूथो धर्मो ऽस्य ध्वज ऊर्द्ध्व समुच्छ्रितः
Night is the covering, righteousness is its banner, and the flag is raised high above.
सप्ताश्वरूपाश्छन्दासि वहन्तो वामतो धुरम्
The metres, in the form of seven horses, bear the yoke on the left side.
पङ्क्तिश्च बृहती चैव ह्युष्णिक्चैव तु सप्तमी
Paṅkti, Bṛhatī, and Uṣṇik are indeed the seventh (metre).
सहचक्रो भ्रमत्यक्षः सहक्षो भ्रमते ध्रुवः
With a companion wheel, the revolving axle turns; with a companion axle, Dhruva revolves.
एवमर्थवशात्तस्य सन्निवेशो रथस्य तु
Thus, by the force of purpose, is the arrangement of his chariot.
तेनासौ तरणिर्देवो भास्वता सर्पते दिवि
By this, the radiant god Taraṇi moves swiftly in the sky.
ध्रुवे तौ भ्राम्यते रश्मी च चक्रयुगयोस्तु वै
At Dhruva, those two rays revolve, as do the pair of wheels.
युगाक्षकोटी ते तस्य दक्षिणे स्यन्दनस्य हि
The ends of the axle of the chariot are indeed on its southern side.
भ्रमन्तमनुगच्छेतां ध्रुवं रश्मी तु तावुभौ
Both those rays follow Dhruva as it revolves.
कीलासक्ता यथा रज्जुर्भ्रंमते सर्वतो दिशम्
Just as a rope attached to a stake turns in every direction,
वर्द्धते दक्षिणे चैव भ्रमतो मण्डलानि तु
So, as it revolves to the south, circles are formed.
ध्रुवेण प्रगृहीतौ वै तौ रश्मी नयतो रविम्
Held by Dhruva, those two rays lead the Sun.
तदा सो ऽभ्यन्तरे सूर्यो भ्रमते मण्डलानि तु
Then, within them, the Sun moves, forming circles.
ध्रुवेण मुच्यमानाभ्यां रश्मिभ्यां पुनरेव तु
When released by Dhruva, by those two rays again,