तिस्रः कोट्यस्तु विख्याता मन्देहा नाम राक्षसाः
There are said to be thirty million demons known as Mandehas.
तापयन्तं दुरात्मानः सूर्यमिच्छन्ति खादितुम्
These evil ones wish to devour the Sun as he burns fiercely.
ततो ब्रह्मा च देवाश्च ब्राह्ममाश्चैव सत्तमाः
Then Brahma, the gods, and the foremost Brahmanas,
ओङ्कारब्रह्मसंयुक्तं गायत्र्या चाभिमन्त्रितम्
Empowered the Gayatri with the Omkara and the essence of Brahman.
ततः पुनर्महातेजा महाबलपराक्रमः
Then again, the one of great brilliance and immense strength,
वालखिल्यैश्च मुनिभिर्धृतार्चिः समरीचिभिः
Along with the Valakhilya sages, radiant with their rays,
त्रिंशत्कलाश्चापि भवेन्मुहूर्त्तस्तैस्त्रिंशता रात्र्यहनी समेते
A muhūrta consists of thirty kalās, and with thirty such, day and night are completed.
ह्रासवृद्धी त्वहर्भागैर्दिवसानां यथाक्रमात्
The increase and decrease of days occur in due order by the portions of the day.
लेखाप्रभृत्यथादित्ये त्रिमुहूर्त्तगते तु वै
When the Sun has passed three muhūrtas from the first crescent,
तस्मात्प्रातस्तनात्कालात्र्रिमुहूर्त्तस्तु संगवः
From that morning time, the period of three muhūrtas is called saṃgava.
तस्मान्मध्यन्दिनात्कालादपराह्ण इति स्मृतः
From that midday time, the period is known as afternoon.
अपराह्णे व्यतीते तु कालः सायाह्न उच्यते
When the afternoon has passed, the time is called evening.
दशपञ्चमुहूर्त्त वै ह्यहर्वैषुवतं स्मृतम्
The tenth and fifth muhūrtas are considered the day at the equinox.
अहस्तु ग्रसते रात्रिं रात्रिश्च ग्रसते त्वहः
The day devours the night, and the night in turn devours the day.
अहोरात्रे कलाश्चैव समं सोमः समश्नुते
The Moon equally partakes of the kalās of day and night.
द्वौच पक्षौभवेन्मासो द्वौमासावर्कजावृतुः
A month consists of two fortnights, and a season is made of two months.
निमेषा विद्युतश्चैव काष्टास्ता दश पञ्च च
A nimeṣa and a vidyut, and also kāṣṭās, are fifteen in number.
सप्तैका द्व्यधिका त्रिशन्मात्रा षटत्रिंशदुत्तरा
There are thirty-seven mātrās, with seven and one, and two more added.
चत्वारि शत्सहस्राणि शतान्यष्टौ च विद्युतः
There are four thousand and eight hundred vidyuts.
चत्वार्येव शतान्याहुर्विद्युते द्वे च संयुते
They say there are just four hundred and two vidyuts combined.
संवत्सरादयः पञ्च चतुर्मानविकल्पिताः
The five divisions beginning with the year are determined according to the four Manus.
संवत्सरस्तु प्रथमो द्वितीयः परिवत्सरः
The first is the saṃvatsara, the second is the parivatsara.
पञ्चमोवत्सरस्तेषां कालस्तु युगसंहितः
Of these, the fifth is called vatsara; this time is reckoned with the yugas.
शतान्यष्टादश त्रिंशदुदयाद्भास्करस्य च
There are one thousand eight hundred and thirty sunrises.
पञ्च च त्रिशतं चापि षष्टिवर्षं च भास्करम्
And also three hundred and sixty-five years of the sun.
एकषष्टि त्वहोरात्रमृतुरेको विभाव्यते
Sixty-one days and nights together are considered as one season.
मानं तच्चित्रभानोस्तु विज्ञेयमयनस्य ह
This is the measure of Citrabhānu, which should be known as the solar year.
मानान्येतानि चत्वारि यैःपुराणे हि निश्चयः
These four measures are those by which certainty is established in the Purāṇas.
त्रीणितस्य तु शृङ्गाणि स्पृशन्तीव नभस्तलम्
Its three peaks seem to touch the vault of the sky.
एकश्च मार्गविष्कंभविस्तारश्चास्य कीर्तितः
One is the path’s breadth, and its expanse is also described.