तेषामपररात्रश्च ये जना उत्तराः परे
For those people who dwell in the far northern lands, it is night.
एवमेवोत्तरेष्वर् के भुवनेषु विराजते
In the same way, in the northern worlds, who shines forth?
विभायां सोमपुर्यां वा उत्तिष्ठति विभावसुः
At dawn, or in Somapura, the radiant one rises.
सोमपुर्या विभायां तु मध्याह्ने स्याद्दिवाकरः
In Somapura, at dawn, the sun becomes midday.
अर्द्धरात्रं संयमने वारुण्यामस्तमेति च
At midnight, in the realm of restraint, or in Varuna's region, it sets.
भ्रमन्वै भ्रममार्णानि ऋक्षाणि चरते रविः
Indeed, moving and revolving, the sun traverses the constellations.
उदयास्तमने चासावृत्ति ष्ठति पुनः पुनः
At sunrise and sunset, it returns again and again in its course.
तपत्यर्कश्च मध्याह्ने तैरेव च स्वरश्मिभिः
The sun burns at midday with those very rays of light.
अतः परं ह्रसंतीभिर्गोभिरस्तं निगच्छति
After this, with diminishing cows, it proceeds to its setting.
यावत्पुरस्तात्तपति तापत्पृष्ठे ऽथ पार्श्वयोः
As long as it burns in the east, so it burns behind and at the sides.
प्रणाशं गच्छते यत्र तेषामस्तः स उच्यते
Where it reaches disappearance, that is called its setting.
विदूरभावादर्कस्य भूमिलेखावृतस्य च
Because of the remoteness of darkness and the covering of the earth's line,
ग्रहनक्षत्रसोमानां दर्शनं भास्करस्य च
The sight of planets, stars, the moon, and the sun occurs.
शुक्लच्छायो ऽग्निरा पश्च कृष्णच्छाया च मेदिनी
The fire has a bright shade, and the earth has a dark shade.
रक्तभावो विरश्मत्वाद्रक्तत्वाच्जाप्यनुष्णता
Its red appearance is due to the absence of moisture, its redness, and its lack of warmth.
ऊर्द्ध्व शातसहस्र तु योजनानां स दृश्यते
It is seen at a height of one hundred thousand yojanas above.
अग्निमाविशते राद्रौ तस्माद्दूरात्प्रकाशते
The fire enters the mountain, and from a distance it shines forth.
संयुक्तो वह्निना सूर्यस्तपते तु ततो दिवा
The sun, united with fire, heats the day because of that.
परस्परानुप्रवेशाद्दीप्येते तु दिवानिशम्
By their mutual interpenetration, they blaze both day and night.
उत्तिष्ठति तथा सूर्ये रात्रिराविशतत्वपः
Thus, when the sun rises, night enters the waters.
अस्तं याति पुनः सूर्ये दिनमाविशते त्वषः
Again, when the sun sets, day enters the rays.
एतेन क्रमयोगेन भूम्यर्द्धे दक्षिणोत्तरे
By this sequential process, on the southern and northern halves of the earth,
देनं सूर्यप्रकाशाख्यं तामसी रात्रिरूच्यते
the darkness called night is said to be the absence of the sun's light.
एवं पुष्करमध्येन यदा सर्पति भास्करः
In this way, when the sun moves through the middle of Puṣkara,
योजनाग्रान्मुहूर्त्तस्य इह संख्यां निबोधत
Now, learn the number of yojanas traversed in a muhūrta here.
पञ्चाशत्तु तथान्यानि सहस्राण्यधिकानि च
There are fifty and also additional thousands.
एतेन गतियोगेन यदा काष्ठां तु दक्षिणाम्
By this course of movement, when it reaches the southern point,
मध्येन पुष्करस्याथ भ्रमते दक्षिणायने
Then, through the middle of Puṣkara, it revolves during the southern solstice.
सर्पते दक्षिणायां तु काष्ठायां वै निबोधत
Now, learn of the sun's movement at the southern point.
तथा शतसहस्राणि चत्वारिंशच्च पञ्च च
Likewise, there are one hundred and forty-five thousand.