सूर्ययोनिर्निमेषादिः संख्याचक्षुः स उच्यते
The sun is said to be the origin, the measurer of moments, the counter of numbers, and the eye.
संवत्सरः सतत्त्वश्च नाम चास्य कलात्मकः
The year is its true nature, and its name is composed of divisions of time.
पञ्चधा प्रविभक्तां तु कालावस्थां निबोधत
Now understand the fivefold division of the state of time.
संवत्सरस्तु प्रथमो द्वितीयः परिवत्सरः
The year is the first, Parivatsara is the second—
पञ्चमो वत्सरस्तेषां कालःस युगसज्ञितः
The fifth among these is called Vatsara; that time is known as a Yuga.
क्रतुरग्निस्तु यः प्रोक्तः स तु संवत्सरो मतः
The sacrificial fire called Kratu is considered to be the year.
शुक्लकृष्णगतिश्चापि अपां सारमयः खगः
The movement of the bright and dark fortnights, the bird made of the essence of waters—
यश्चायं पवते लोकांस्तनुभिः सप्तसप्तभिः
And he who pervades the worlds with his sevenfold, sevenfold forms—
अहङ्कारादुदग्रुद्रः संभूतो ब्रह्मणास्तु यः
From ego arose the fierce Rudra, who was produced by Brahmā.
सतत्त्वं तस्य वक्ष्यमि कीर्त्यमानं निबोधत
I will now declare to you his true nature as it is praised; listen attentively.
ऋक्सामयजुषां योनिः पञ्चानां पतिरीश्वरः
He is the source of the Ṛg, Sāma, and Yajur Vedas, the lord of the five, the supreme ruler.
प्रोक्तः संवत्सरश्चेति सूर्य चोनिर्मनीषिभिः
He is declared by the sages to be the year, and also the sun.
ग्रहनक्षत्रशीतोष्णवर्षायुः कर्मणां तथा
He governs the planets, stars, cold and heat, rain, lifespan, and actions.
वैकारिकः प्रसन्नात्मा ब्रह्मपुत्रः प्रजापतिः
He is of the mental type, with a serene nature, son of Brahma, and lord of creatures.
आदित्यः सविता भानुर्जीवनो ब्रह्मसत्कृतः
He is Āditya, Savitṛ, Bhānu, the giver of life, honored by Brahma.
ताराभिमानी विज्ञेयो द्वितीयः परिवत्सरः
He is known as the lord of the stars, the second Parivatsara.
आजीवः सर्वभूतानां योगक्षेमकृदीश्वरः
He is the sustainer of all beings, the lord who provides welfare and security.
तिथीनां पर्वसंधीनां पूर्णिमादर्शयोरपि
He is the lord of tithis, festival junctions, and also of the full and new moons.
तस्मात्स पितृमान्सोमः स्मृत इङ्वत्सरात्मकः
Therefore, Soma is remembered as the ancestor, embodying the year.
कर्मभिः प्राणिनां लोके सर्वचेष्टाप्रवर्तकः
Through actions, he initiates all activities of living beings in the world.
समानकालकरणक्रियाः संपादयन्नपि
He accomplishes acts that produce equal measures of time.
वर्त्तते चोपकारैर्यस्तनुभिः सप्तसप्तभिः
He exists through the beneficial functions of his sevenfold bodies.
योनिरग्नेरपां भूमे रवेश्चन्द्रमसश्चयः
He is the source of fire, water, earth, the sun, and the moon.
अहोरात्रकरस्तस्मात्स वायुरनुवत्सरः
He is the maker of day and night; thus, Vāyu is called Anuvatsara.
पितरः सर्वलोकानां लोकात्मानः प्रकीर्त्तिताः
The ancestors of all worlds are proclaimed as the souls of the worlds.
ऋषिर्विप्रा महादेवो भूतात्मा प्रपितामहः
The sage, the brahmin, the great god, the soul of beings, the great-grandfather.
आत्मावेशेन भूतानामङ्गप्रत्यङ्गसंभवः
By entering the beings, he becomes the origin of their limbs and parts.
सूर्य्यश्च चन्द्रमाश्चाग्निर्वायू रुद्रस्तथैव च
And the sun, the moon, fire, wind, and likewise Rudra.
रुद्रः प्रविष्टो भगवाञ्जगत्यस्मिन्स्वतेजसा
The blessed Rudra entered this world with his own radiance.
ततस्तस्य तु वीर्येण लोकानुग्रहकारकम्
Then, by his power, he brought about the welfare of the worlds.