कालावस्थासु षट्स्वेते मासाख्या वै व्यवस्थिताः
In the six divisions of time called months, these are established.
ऋतवो ब्रह्मणः पुत्रा विज्ञेयास्ते ऽभिमानिनः
The Ṛtus are to be known as the sons of Brahmā, and they are possessors of self-identity.
स्थानानां व्यतिरेकेण ज्ञेयाः स्थानागिमानिनः
Apart from the places themselves, those who preside over the places should be understood.
संवत्सराश्च स्थानानि कामाख्या ह्यभिमानिनाम्
The years, too, are places, belonging to those who are proud of their domains.
तत्सतत्त्वास्तदात्मानस्तान्वक्ष्यामि निबोधत
I shall now declare to you their true nature and essence; listen attentively.
निमेषाश्च कलाः कष्ठा मुहुर्त्ता दिवसाः क्षयाः
Moments, kalās, kaṣṭhās, muhūrtas, days, and nights—
ऋतुत्रयं चाप्ययनं द्वे ऽयने दक्षिणोत्तरे
The three seasons, the solstices, and the two ayanas—southern and northern—
ऋतवस्तु निमेः पुत्रा विज्ञेयास्ते तथैव षट्
The seasons are to be known as the offspring of the moment; thus, there are six.
यस्माच्चैवार्त्तवेभ्यस्तु जायन्ते स्थाणु जङ्गमाः
And from these very seasons, all stationary and moving beings are born.
समेतास्तु प्रसूयन्ते प्रजाश्चैव प्रजापतेः
When united, they produce offspring—the creatures of Prajāpati.
स्थानेषु स्थानिनो ह्येते स्थानात्मानः प्रकीर्त्तिताः
These, established in their respective places, are called the embodiments of those places.
प्रजापतिः स्मृतो यस्तु स तु संवत्सरो मतः
He who is remembered as Prajāpati is regarded as the year.
ऋतात्तु ऋतवो यस्माज्जज्ञिरे ऋतवस्ततः
From the season, the seasons are born; thus, the seasons arise from the season.
द्विपदां चतुष्पदां चैव पक्षिणां सर्वतामपि
Of bipeds, quadrupeds, birds, and indeed all beings—
ऋतुत्वमार्तवत्वं च पितृत्वं च प्रकीर्त्तितम्
The state of being seasonal, the nature of the season, and the role of the ancestors are all described.
सर्वभूतानि तेभ्यो यदृतुकालाद्विजज्ञिरे
All beings were born from them, from the time of the season.
मन्वन्तरेष्विह त्वेते स्थिताः कालभिमानिनः
In each manvantara, these presiding deities of time remain established here.
स्थानाभिमानिनो ह्येते तिष्ठन्तीह प्रसंगमात्
These presiding deities of the places remain here by their connection.
जज्ञे स्वधापितृभ्यस्तु द्वे कन्ये लोकविश्रुते
From Svadhā and the Pitṛs were born two daughters, renowned in the worlds.
ते उभे ब्रह्मवादिन्यौ योगिन्यौ चैव ते उभे
Both of them were speakers of Brahman and both were yoginīs.
अग्निष्वात्तास्तु ये प्रोक्तास्तेषां मेना तु मानसी
Of those called Agniṣvāttas, Menā was born from the mind.
मेरोस्तां धारणीं नाम पत्न्यर्थं वा सृजन् घुभाम्
For Meru, they created a being named Dhāraṇī as a wife.
अग्निष्वात्तास्तु तां मेना पत्नी हिमवते ददुः
The Agniṣvāttas gave Menā as a wife to Himavat.
मेना हिमवतः पत्नी मैनाकं सा व्यजायत
Menā, wife of Himavat, gave birth to Maināka.
मैनाकस्या त्मजः क्रौचः क्रैञ्चद्वीपो यतः स्मृतः
Maināka's son was Krauca, from whom the island Krañca is known.
मन्दरं सुषुवे पुत्रं तिस्रः कन्याश्च विश्रुताः
She bore Mandara as a son, and three renowned daughters.
धातुश्चैवायतिः पत्नी विधातुर्नियतिः स्मृता
Dhātu's wife is Āyati, and Vidhātṛ's wife is called Niyati.
सुषुवे सागराद्वेला कन्यामेकामनिन्दिताम्
From the ocean, Velā gave birth to a single faultless daughter.
सवर्णायां सुता जाता दश प्राचीनबर्हिषः
In Savarṇā, ten sons were born to Prācīnabarhi.
तेषां स्वायंभुवो दक्षः पुत्रत्वं जग्मि वान्प्रभुः
Among them, Dakṣa, son of Svāyambhuva, took birth as their son.