He, the radiant sun, sends forth his heat in all directions—on every side, above, and below—encompassing the universe completely. With his brilliance, he dispels darkness equally in every quarter, above and beneath, so that no shadow remains. The sun, through his rays, illumines the entire world on all sides, ensuring nothing is left untouched by his light. Among these rays, seven are foremost, shining as the guides and guardians of the planets. One among them is known as Viśvaśravā, supreme among the prosperous and virtuous. Another, Suṣumṇa, is a solar ray that nourishes the moon as it wanes, restoring its light. Hari-keśa stands at the front, revered as the progenitor of the stars, while Viśvaśravā, positioned at the back, is recognized by the wise as the origin of Venus. The sixth ray, Arvāvasu, is the source of Jupiter. Thus, by the sun’s power, the planets, constellations, and stars all exist and shine. Marked by these rays, they are called nakṣatras—stars or constellations. The sun himself assigns their regions, acting as the maker and arranger of the nakṣatras. As they traverse the sky, they are called tārakās, and because of their shining whiteness, they bear this name as well. Even the austerities of the ascetics are sustained by constantly absorbing the radiance of the sun. Because he draws in the radiance of the waters, the sun is called Savitā. He is perceived in whiteness, immortality, and coolness. His brilliance shines forth in a white, auspicious, round vessel, gleaming like silver. The sun’s disc is dense with radiant energy and pure white in color. In all the Manvantaras, the stars, sun, and planets are interdependent, each sustaining the other. The sun enters his own solar region, and the moon likewise enters the lunar realm. Among the planets, Jaiva is known as Bṛhaspati, Lauhita as Lohita, Baudha as Budha, and Svarbhānu as Svarbhānu, each established in their proper place. O virtuous one, accept and understand all these luminous bodies. Their positions remain fixed until the dissolution of the elements at the end of time. When pride arises, they again occupy their divine stations. In this present Manvantara, the planets are called Vaitānika. Among the radiant gods, Dharmasuta, Soma, and Vasu are especially revered. The god of great brilliance is remembered as the divine teacher, the son of Agni. Śanaiścara, the deformed one, is the son of Saṃjñā and Vivasvat. The stars, called ṛkṣa, are remembered as the daughters of Dakṣa. Among the Moon, star, planet, and Sun, those who are proud are also mentioned. The abode of Vivasvat, the thousand-rayed one, is white and made of fire. The house of the charming, five-rayed one is watery and dark. The abode of Bhauma, with nine rays, is of iron and red in hue. The house of Mandā, with eight rays, is black and iron. All the stars are to be understood as iron, and their rays are described as hands. They are dense and watery in nature, created at the very beginning of the kalpa. The axis of Savitṛ, the sun, is said to be nine thousand yojanas in length. The extent of the moon is said to be twice that of the sun. By taking the shadow of the earth, a circular form is fashioned. Thus, the sun, moon, planets, and stars, with their abodes, rays, and forms, are woven together in the cosmic order, each fulfilling their ordained role until the time of dissolution.