Where the sun disappears beyond the horizon, that moment is known as its setting. This occurs because of the great distance of darkness and the way the earth’s curve covers the view, causing the planets, stars, the moon, and the sun to become visible to our eyes. Fire itself possesses a bright hue, while the earth is enveloped in darkness. The sun’s red appearance at times is due to the absence of moisture, its own inherent redness, and a lack of warmth. From a lofty height—one hundred thousand yojanas above—the sun is seen shining. As the sun appears to enter the mountains at sunset, its light radiates from afar, shining even as it seems to vanish. United with the element of fire, the sun heats the day, and through their mutual interpenetration, both sun and fire blaze, illuminating both day and night. When the sun rises, night is said to enter the waters. Conversely, when the sun sets, the essence of day enters the rays. In this orderly cycle, on both the southern and northern halves of the earth, darkness—called night—is simply the absence of the sun’s light. When the sun travels through the middle of the region known as Puṣkara, its movement can be measured. In the span of a muhūrta, the sun traverses fifty thousand yojanas and several thousands more. Following this path, when the sun reaches the southernmost point, it revolves through the middle of Puṣkara during the time of the southern solstice. At the southern point, the sun’s movement covers one hundred and forty-five thousand yojanas. When the sun, having completed its southern journey, stands at the equinox, the measure of its orbit at that time is eighty-one hundred thousand yojanas. As the sun moves northward toward the sixth continent, Śākadvīpa, the distance from the starting point is one crore yojanas, with fifty-eight more yojanas added. There are also the root, the sixth, and three sunrise paths known as Ajavīthi, along with the spaces between the two beams, which are declared for the understanding of all. The spaces between these beams number three hundred and thirty-three yojanas, and the intervals between the beams and the lines, both to the south and north, are each seventy-one yojanas less. These are remembered as the spaces between the lines and beams, both on the outer and inner sides. From the outside, and on the southern side, all proceeds in proper sequence. On the southern side too, fire moves just as much, traversing seventeen thousand yojanas, with an additional twenty-one yojanas. The diameter of this great circle is thus prescribed as transverse. Just as a potter’s wheel quickly turns back at its limit, so too does the sun, in a short time, traverse the wide expanse of the earth. In its daily course, the sun moves through thirteen and a half constellations, marking the passage of time and the rhythm of the cosmos.