Khyati and Pundarika are remembered, along with the sevenfold Ganga—these are names of sanctity and renown. All these rivers and sacred waters, vast and abundant, approach together, flowing in their fullness. The illustrious region they nourish is encircled on all sides, its expanse equal to that of Krauncha-dvipa. Upon these natural islands, arranged in their proper order and entirety, the origin of beings and their dissolution take place—here, the cycles of creation and dissolution unfold. Now, listen as I recount this truthfully and accurately. Surrounding the ocean lies a land where the waters are white and curd-like, pure and nourishing. In this realm, one may wonder: from where does famine arise, and whence comes the fear of old age and disease? Attend closely, for I shall tell you the names of their jewel-mines and rivers. To the east stands the golden mountain called Udaya, radiant and bright. Beyond it rises the great mountain Sumahan, from which flow abundant streams. From Sumahan, rain descends in the season of showers, sustaining the beings who dwell there. In the sky shines the constellation Revatī, and it was the grandsire who established this ordinance. Thus, the people of earlier times became dark in complexion. Beyond these mountains lies Ambikeya, the fortress mountain, a mighty peak. Then comes Kesarī, adorned with blossoming lotuses, from which arises the wind—the lord of creatures himself. Among the streams that flow there, the second is known as Sukumara, gentle and auspicious. Its rainfall is called Kusumottara, a blessing for all. The continent’s measure, its length and breadth, are vast and equal. There is a mountain called Shaka, of great elevation, whose inhabitants are highly revered. Furthermore, there are great and meritorious rivers, including the seven forms of the sacred Ganga: Ikshu, Venuka, Gabhasti, and the seventh, Saptami. These rivers are said to number in the thousands, and it is from them that Indra sends forth the rain. Though they are many, it is possible to enumerate those most sacred. This continent, broad as a mighty shalmali tree, is arranged in the form of a wheel. It is adorned with various minerals, decorated with jewels and coral, and graced with trees bearing flowers and fruits on all sides. It abounds in wealth and grain, offering prosperity to its people. The expanse of Shaka-dvipa is equal in all directions. Within these seven regions reside people of all castes and stages of life. Because of their unwavering adherence to dharma, they are supremely happy. There is no reversal of fortune for them, except for what is natural by the passage of time. They protect one another through knowledge of dharma, each fulfilling their own duty. This much should be known about the inhabitants of Shaka-dvipa. Beyond Shaka-dvipa lies the continent of Pushkara, which is itself surrounded by the ocean of milk. On Pushkara stands a single splendid mountain, formed of great stone. In the eastern half of that continent rises the grand mountain Citrashanu. It soars thirty-four thousand yojanas above the surface of the earth, standing near the shore like the newly risen moon. Its expanse is perfectly circular, spread out equally on all sides. The land is divided into but one great expanse, arranged in two divisions, each resplendent in its own right.