Let me tell you now about the wondrous realms described in the ancient scripture. Among the lands, the fourth is known as Puṣpavān, and the fifth bears the name Kuśeśaya. The waters in these regions are called Mandā, while the mountain Mandara rises proudly, beginning with the peak named Dāraṇa. The first region of this land is Udbhida, followed by the second, Veṇumaṇḍala. Then, the fifth region is called Dhṛtimat, and the sixth shines forth as Prabhākara. Within these lands dwell gods, Gandharvas, various peoples, and the lords of the world, all living in harmony. In these sacred regions, there are neither robbers nor foreign-born peoples to disturb the peace. Here, seven rivers flow—pure, sinless, and auspicious—blessing the land. Beyond these seven, there exist countless other rivers, numbering in the hundreds and thousands, their names and courses unknown. This continent, Kuśadvīpa, is surrounded on all sides by a vast ocean of clarified butter, a wondrous sight indeed. Thus, the arrangement of Kuśadvīpa has been described. Know that Kuśadvīpa is twice as wide as the continent that came before it. Within this land, the foremost mountain is Kraiñca. Beyond the darkness stands the mountain Divāvṛn, and further still, beyond Dvivida, rises the great mountain Puṇḍarīka. These are counted among the seven jewel-encrusted mountains of Kraiñcadvīpa, each one twice as wide as the last, each increasing the delight of those who dwell there. The land of Kraiñca is skillful in every way, while the region of Vāmana pleases the mind. Beyond the mountain Uṣṇa is Pīvaraka, and past Pīvara lies Andhakāraka. Beyond the land of the sages is Dundubhisvana, renowned for its own wonders. Here too, seven rivers flow, each one auspicious and renowned throughout every region. Among these rivers, Khyati and Pundarika are remembered, along with the sevenfold Ganga, all vast and abundant in their waters. These rivers approach and nourish the land. The illustrious region is encircled on all sides, equal in extent to Krauncha-dvipa. In the proper order of these natural islands, the origin of beings and their dissolution take place among them. Listen now, for I speak truthfully and accurately: this ocean-encircled land stands with waters white as curd. You may wonder, from where does famine arise, and from where the fear of old age and disease? Listen to the names of their jewel-mines and rivers. To the east lies the golden mountain called Udaya, and beyond it is the great mountain Sumahan, from which abundant streams flow. From these mountains, rain arises during the rainy season to nourish all beings here. In the sky, Revatī shines as a constellation, its ordinance established by the grandsire himself. Because of this, the earlier beings became dark in complexion. Beyond these, the fortress mountain Ambikeya rises as a great peak. Kesarī, a mountain adorned with lotuses, is the source from which the wind—the lord of creatures—arises. The second of the streams here is known as Sukumara, and its auspicious rainfall is called Kusumottara. The measure of the continent, its length and breadth, is vast and wondrous. There is also a mountain called Shaka, of great elevation, whose inhabitants are highly revered. Thus is the description of these sacred and marvelous lands, their rivers, mountains, and the beings who dwell within them.