Let me recount to you, with reverence and clarity, the wondrous arrangement of the sacred islands and their features as described in the ancient verses. Kakuda, who is also known as Suprada, is one among seven, and each of these seven is further divided into sevenfold subdivisions. Among them are Jyotiḥ, Śānti, Tuṣṭā, Candra, Śukra, and Vimocanī. Near these, countless others dwell—by the hundreds and thousands—forming a vast and intricate tapestry of regions. Thus, the arrangement of Śālmalī has been laid out. Śālmalī itself, with its broad trunk, bears its name proudly. Though its extent is equal, it is not uniform all around. Now, listen as I speak further, sharing what has been heard and what is proper. Surodaka is encircled on all sides by the island of Kuśa. Within Kuśa, seven mountains rise; let me describe them for you. The first mountain of that island is named Hemaparvata. The fourth is Puṣpavān, and the fifth is Kuśeśaya. The waters there are called Mandā, and the mountain Mandara begins with Dāraṇa. The regions of this land are named: the first is Udbhida, the second Veṇumaṇḍala, the fifth Dhṛtimat, and the sixth Prabhākara. Within these regions reside gods, Gandharvas, peoples, and lords of the world. There, neither robbers nor foreign-born peoples are found, and peace prevails. Seven rivers flow through this land, pure, sinless, and auspicious. Beyond these, countless other rivers—hundreds and thousands—remain unknown. Kuśadvīpa itself is surrounded on the outside by an ocean of clarified butter. Thus, the arrangement of Kuśadvīpa has been described. Kuśadvīpa is said to be twice as wide as the previous island. Within this continent, the foremost mountain is Kraiñca. Beyond Andhakāra lies the mountain called Divāvṛn, and beyond Dvivida is Puṇḍarīka, the great mountain. These seven mountains, encrusted with jewels, grace Kraiñcadvīpa. Each mountain is twice as wide as the last, increasing delight for all who behold them. The land of Kraiñca is skillful, and that of Vāmana is pleasing to the mind. Beyond Uṣṇa is Pīvaraka, and beyond Pīvara is Andhakāraka. Beyond the land of the sages lies Dundubhisvana. There, too, seven rivers flow, each auspicious and renowned in every region. Among these rivers are Khyati, Puṇḍarīka, and the sevenfold Ganga, remembered for their abundance and purity. All these rivers, vast and filled with water, approach the region, which is illustrious and encircled on all sides, equal in extent to Krauncha-dvipa. Of these natural islands, each in its proper order, the origin and dissolution of beings occur among them. Now, hear as I speak truthfully and accurately. Surrounding the ocean, the region stands with waters resembling curd. From these lands arise famine, as well as the fear of old age and disease. Listen now to the names of their jewel-mines and rivers. To the east lies the golden mountain called Udaya, shining with its brilliance. Thus, the sacred geography and divine arrangement of these islands, mountains, rivers, and regions have been faithfully recounted for you.