The divisions of time, it is said, follow the very divisions of the land itself. In these wondrous lands, the people are handsome, well-dressed, free from disease, and strong in body and spirit. Such qualities are especially found on the great islands, beginning with Plakṣa and extending near the island of Śāka. Within these islands, all trees are extraordinary, bearing divine herbs and fruits, and every plant possesses medicinal qualities. At the very center of this realm stands the revered Jambu tree, counted as the heart of the land and worshipped by all who dwell there. Equal in size and breadth to Plakṣadvīpa is the island known as Śālmaladvīpa. Let me now recount to you, briefly and in order, the wonders of Śālmaladvīpa. Encircling this island is an ocean whose waters are as sweet as sugarcane juice. Upon Śālmaladvīpa rise seven great mountains, each a source of jewels and splendor. The first mountain, radiant like the sun, is called Kumuda. The second is the renowned Uttama. The third, known as Balāhaka, is followed by the fourth, Droṇa, famed as the home of a great medicinal herb. The fifth, Kaṅka, stands in great eminence, while the sixth, Mahiṣa, resembles a rain-laden cloud. The seventh and final mountain is Kakudmān. From Prajāpati himself, the creator, these regions have come forth, each established according to the proper method for the sake of offspring and prosperity. Now, listen as I declare their auspicious regions, likened to serpents in their winding forms. Jīmūta is the region of Balāhaka; Droṇa is remembered as green. Kakuda is also known as Suprada. These seven mountains are each divided into seven regions. Within these divisions are lands named Jyotiḥ, Śānti, Tuṣṭā, Candra, Śukra, and Vimocanī, and near them lie countless others, numbering in the hundreds and thousands. Thus, the arrangement of Śālmalī has been described to you. The island itself is named for the Śālmalī tree, with its broad trunk, and though its extent is equal to others, its shape is not uniform on all sides. Now, listen further as I speak, faithfully recounting what I have heard. Surrounding the region called Surodaka on all sides is the island of Kuśa. This island too is graced with seven mountains, which I shall now describe. The first is the principal mountain, followed by Hemaparvata as the second. The fourth is Puṣpavān, and the fifth is Kuśeśaya. The waters are called Mandā, and among the mountains is Mandara, beginning with Dāraṇa. The first region is Udbhida, the second is Veṇumaṇḍala, the fifth is Dhṛtimat, and the sixth is Prabhākara. In these regions dwell the gods, Gandharvas, peoples of various kinds, and the lords of the world. There, no robbers nor foreign-born peoples are found. Seven pure, sinless, and auspicious rivers flow there, and beyond these are countless more, in their hundreds and thousands, whose names are not all known. Encircling Kuśadvīpa on the outside is a marvelous ocean of clarified butter. Thus, the arrangement of Kuśadvīpa has also been described to you.