On the vast landscape of the world, the mighty Gandhamadana mountain rises, stretching thirty-four thousand units in extent. From the very surface of the earth, it soars upward, having grown to a formidable height of forty thousand units. To its east stands the Malyavan mountain, equal in measure and grandeur, forming a majestic pair with Gandhamadana. Amidst these great peaks, the illustrious Meru is established, holding its own unique dimensions. Meru’s breadth matches the measure of the others, while its length is said to be one niyuta. As one moves away from Meru, the lengths of the mountains gradually decrease, and all these mountains are remembered as being perfectly square in shape. Flowing through this sacred region is the Jambu river, abundant and rich in water, appearing dark and broken, reminiscent of collyrium’s deep hue. Near this river stands a wondrous and eternal Jambu tree, known as Sudarshana. It is from this tree that the land itself gains its fame, being called Jambudvipa. The king of trees, Sudarshana, stretches its height to the very sky in all directions, an awe-inspiring sight. Sages who perceive the truth have measured the size of its fruit, which is vast indeed. The juice that flows from this fruit forms a river, streaming forth with abundance. Those who dwell near the great Jambu tree are always seen drinking this nectar. In that blessed place, neither hunger nor fatigue, nor death nor sleep ever occur. The juice of the Jambu fruit shines with a radiant hue, resembling the brilliant red of indragopa insects. As it drips down, it becomes bright and pure, gleaming like gold, the very ornament of the gods. By the grace of the Lord, the earth gently receives those who have passed away, consuming them in her compassion. On the slopes of Hemakuta, the Gandharvas reside, accompanied by their retinues of enchanting Apsaras. On the golden peak of Mount Meru, thirty-three divine gods, worthy of all sacrifice, delight in play and sport. Among the Daityas and Danavas, the Śveta mountain is renowned, and in its nine distinct regions, each is established according to its own portion. The number of these regions is beyond reckoning, known only to those who seek the truth with deepest sincerity. In these wondrous realms dwells the illustrious Kubera, the lord of wealth, together with the mighty Rākṣasas. At the foot of Kailāsa, a sacred and auspicious river of cool water springs forth. From this divine source flows the beautiful river Mandākinī, pure and serene. To the northeast of Kailāsa lies a mountain sacred to all medicinal herbs, and there stands Candraprabha, a radiant mountain shining like the moon and glittering with jewels. From Candraprabha flows the clear and pure river Svacchodā. Upon this mountain dwells Maṇibhadra, surrounded by his devoted followers. Thus, both the sacred Mandākinī and the Svacchodā, with their pure waters, grace this land. To the southeast of Kailāsa, another mountain rises, filled with Śiva’s essence and potent medicinal herbs. Here stands the great Lohita mountain, with golden peaks that shine as brilliantly as the sun. From Lohita flows the sacred and mighty river Lauhitya. The Yakṣa Maṇidhara, masterful and wise, makes his home on this mountain. To the southern side of Kailāsa lies a mountain of fierce energy and abundant medicinal herbs. Here, a vast mountain composed of all metals blazes like lightning, awe-inspiring in its brilliance. From this mountain originates the sacred Sarayu, renowned throughout the worlds. There also dwells Vaśī, the attendant of Kubera and son of Praheti, surrounded by fierce aerial beings and hundreds of formidable yakṣas. Amidst these wonders stands Aruna, the foremost of mountains, splendid and radiant, composed of pure gold ore, shining resplendently in the southern realm.