शूद्रान्नेनावशेषेण जठरे म्रियते द्विजः आहिताग्निस् तथा यज्वा स शूद्रगतिभाग् भवेत्
If a twice-born, or one who maintains sacred fires, or a sacrificer, dies with food from a Shudra remaining in his stomach, he attains the state of a Shudra.
तेन शूद्रान्नशेषेण ब्रह्मस्थानाद् अपाकृतः ब्राह्मणः शूद्रताम् एति नास्ति तत्र विचारणा
Therefore, by the remaining food of a Shudra, a Brahmin is cast out from the state of Brahminhood and becomes a Shudra; there is no doubt about this.
यस्यान्नेनावशेषेण जठरे म्रियते द्विजः तां तां योनिं व्रजेद् विप्रो यस्यान्नम् उपजीवति
By whose food, if any remains in the stomach when a twice-born dies, the Brahmin enters whatever womb belongs to the one whose food he has lived upon.
ब्राह्मणत्वं सुखं प्राप्य दुर्लभं यो ऽवमन्यते अभोज्यान्नानि वाश्नाति स द्विजत्वात् पतेत वै
He who, having easily attained the rare state of Brahminhood, disregards it or eats forbidden food, surely falls from the status of a twice-born.
सुरापो ब्रह्महा स्तेयी चौरो भग्नव्रतो ऽशुचिः स्वाध्यायवर्जितः पापो लुब्धो नैकृतिकः शठः
A drinker of liquor, a Brahmin-killer, a thief, a robber, one who breaks vows, impure, neglectful of study, sinful, greedy, deceitful, or wicked—
अव्रती वृषलीभर्ता कुण्डाशी सोमविक्रयी विहीनसेवी विप्रो हि पतते ब्रह्मयोनितः
One without vows, who keeps company with outcast women, who eats from a common vessel, who sells Soma, or who serves the unworthy—a Brahmin thus falls from the Brahmin lineage.
गुरुतल्पी गुरुद्वेषी गुरुकुत्सारतिश् च यः ब्रह्मद्विड् वापि पतति ब्राह्मणो ब्रह्मयोनितः
He who violates his teacher's bed, hates his teacher, delights in mocking the teacher, or hates Brahman—such a Brahmin falls from the Brahmin lineage.
एभिस् तु कर्मभिर् देवि शुभैर् आचरितैस् तथा शूद्रो ब्राह्मणतां गच्छेद् वैश्यः क्षत्रियतां व्रजेत्
But, O goddess, by performing these good deeds, a Shudra may attain Brahminhood, and a Vaishya may become a Kshatriya.
शूद्रः कर्माणि सर्वाणि यथान्यायं यथाविधि सर्वातिथ्यम् उपातिष्ठञ् शेषान्नकृतभोजनः
A Shudra, performing all duties according to justice and prescribed rules, serves all guests and eats only the remnants of food left over.
शुश्रूषां परिचर्यां यो ज्येष्ठवर्णे प्रयत्नतः कुर्याद् अविमनाः श्रेष्ठः सततं सत्पथे स्थितः
He who diligently and without resentment attends to service and care for the elder caste, is excellent and always established on the path of virtue.
देवद्विजातिसत्कर्ता सर्वातिथ्यकृतव्रतः ऋतुकालाभिगामी च नियतो नियताशनः
Honoring gods and twice-born, undertaking the vow of serving all guests, approaching at proper times, disciplined and moderate in eating.
दक्षः शिष्टजनान्वेषी शेषान्नकृतभोजनः वृथा मांसं न भुञ्जीत शूद्रो वैश्यत्वम् ऋच्छति
Skillful, seeking out learned people, eating only the remnants of food, not consuming meat without purpose—a Shudra attains the status of a Vaishya.
ऋतवाग् अनहंवादी निर्द्वंद्वः सामकोविदः यजते नित्ययज्ञैश् च स्वाध्यायपरमः शुचिः
Truthful in speech, free from pride, without duality, skilled in Sama hymns, performing daily sacrifices, devoted to study, and pure.
दान्तो ब्राह्मणसत्कर्ता सर्ववर्णानसूयकः गृहस्थव्रतम् आतिष्ठन् द्विकालकृतभोजनः
Self-controlled, honoring Brahmins, not disparaging any caste, observing the householder's vow, eating twice daily.
शेषाशी विजिताहारो निष्कामो निरहंवदः अग्निहोत्रम् उपासीनो जुह्वानश् च यथाविधि
Eating leftovers, having conquered appetite, free from desire and pride, sitting by the sacred fire, offering oblations as prescribed.
सर्वातिथ्यम् उपातिष्ठञ् शेषान्नकृतभोजनः त्रेताग्निमात्रविहितं वैश्यो भवति च द्विजः
Serving all guests, eating only remnants, performing rites prescribed for the three sacred fires—a Vaishya becomes a twice-born.
स वैश्यः क्षत्रियकुले शुचिर् महति जायते स वैश्यः क्षत्रियो जातो जन्मप्रभृति संस्कृतः
Such a Vaishya, pure, is born in a great Kshatriya family; such a Vaishya, born as a Kshatriya, is sanctified from birth.
उपनीतो व्रतपरो द्विजो भवति संस्कृतः ददाति यजते यज्ञैः समृद्धैर् आप्तदक्षिणैः
Initiated and devoted to vows, he becomes sanctified as a twice-born, gives gifts, performs sacrifices with abundant offerings and proper rewards.
अधीत्य स्वर्गम् अन्विच्छंस् त्रेताग्निशरणः सदा आर्द्रहस्तप्रदो नित्यं प्रजा धर्मेण पालयन्
Having studied, seeking heaven, always taking refuge in the three sacred fires, ever giving with moist hands, protecting people through righteousness.
सत्यः सत्यानि कुरुते नित्यं यः शुद्धिदर्शनः धर्मदण्डेन निर्दग्धो धर्मकामार्थसाधकः
Truthful, always acting truthfully, ever showing purity, scorched by the rod of righteousness, accomplishing the aims of dharma, desire, and wealth.
यन्त्रितः कार्यकरणैः षड्भागकृतलक्षणः ग्राम्यधर्मान् न सेवेत स्वच्छन्देनार्थकोविदः
Restrained by duties and actions, marked by sharing a sixth part, he should not follow village customs, but freely pursue knowledge of wealth.
ऋतुकाले तु धर्मात्मा पत्नीम् उपाश्रयेत् सदा सदोपवासी नियतः स्वाध्यायनिरतः शुचिः
At the proper time, the righteous one always approaches his wife, ever fasting, disciplined, devoted to study, and pure.
वहिस्कान्तरिते नित्यं शयानो ऽस्ति सदा गृहे सर्वातिथ्यं त्रिवर्गस्य कुर्वाणः सुमनाः सदा
Always sleeping apart from his wife, ever dwelling at home, cheerfully performing all hospitality for the threefold aims of life.
शूद्राणां चान्नकामानां नित्यं सिद्धम् इति ब्रुवन् स्वार्थाद् वा यदि वा कामान् न किंचिद् उपलक्षयेत्
Declaring that cooked food is always ready for Shudras who desire it, whether for his own sake or theirs, he should not notice anything else.
पितृदेवातिथिकृते साधनं कुरुते च यत् स्ववेश्मनि यथान्यायम् उपास्ते भैक्ष्यम् एव च
For the sake of ancestors, gods, and guests, he prepares what is needed in his own house, and, as appropriate, subsists on alms.
द्विकालम् अग्निहोत्रं च जुह्वानो वै यथाविधि गोब्राह्मणहितार्थाय रणे चाभिमुखो हतः
Twice daily, he offers oblations to the sacred fire as prescribed, and, for the welfare of cows and Brahmins, faces death in battle.
त्रेताग्निमन्त्रपूतेन समाविश्य द्विजो भवेत् ज्ञानविज्ञानसंपन्नः संस्कृतो वेदपारगः
By entering with the mantras of the Tretā fire, purified, one becomes a twice-born; endowed with knowledge and realization, refined, and accomplished in the Vedas.
वैश्यो भवति धर्मात्मा क्षत्रियः स्वेन कर्मणा एतैः कर्मफलैर् देवि न्यूनजातिकुलोद्भवः
A Vaiśya becomes righteous in soul, a Kṣatriya by his own action; by the fruits of these actions, O Goddess, one born in a lower caste may rise.
शूद्रो ऽप्य् आगमसंपन्नो द्विजो भवति संस्कृतः ब्राह्मणो वाप्य् असद्वृत्तः सर्वसंकरभोजनः
Even a Śūdra, accomplished in the scriptures, becomes a twice-born when refined; or a Brāhmaṇa of bad conduct, eating with all, loses his status.
स ब्राह्मण्यं समुत्सृज्य शूद्रो भवति तादृशः कर्मभिः शुचिभिर् देवी शुद्धात्मा विजितेन्द्रियः
Such a one, abandoning Brāhmaṇa-hood, becomes a Śūdra by those very deeds; but, O Goddess, through pure actions, a pure-souled, self-controlled person rises.