जन्मर्क्षे ग्रहपीडायां श्राद्धं पार्वणम् उच्यते अयनद्वितये श्राद्धं विषुवद्वितये तथा
On one's birth constellation, during planetary affliction, Śrāddha is prescribed on the full moon; also at the two solstices and at the two equinoxes.
संक्रान्तिषु च कर्तव्यं श्राद्धं विधिवद् उत्तमम् एषु कार्यं द्विजाः श्राद्धं पिण्डनिर्वापणाद् ऋते
Śrāddha should be performed properly at the transitions of the Sun; in these, O twice-borns, Śrāddha is to be done, except for the offering of balls of rice.
वैशाखस्य तृतीयायां नवम्यां कार्त्तिकस्य च श्राद्धं कार्यं तु शुक्लायां संक्रान्तिविधिना नरैः
On the third day of Vaiśākha and the ninth day of Kārtika, Śrāddha should be performed in the bright fortnight, following the rules of the solar transition.
त्रयोदश्यां भाद्रपदे माघे चन्द्रक्षये ऽहनि श्राद्धं कार्यं पायसेन दक्षिणायनवच् च तत्
On the thirteenth day in Bhādrapada and in Māgha, on the day of the waning moon, Śrāddha should be performed with rice pudding, and likewise during the southern course of the Sun.
यदा च श्रोत्रियो ऽभ्येति गेहं वेदविद् अग्निमान् तेनैकेन च कर्तव्यं श्राद्धं विधिवद् उत्तमम्
And when a learned Vedic scholar, who knows the Vedas and maintains the sacred fire, comes to the house, then a single, properly conducted, excellent śrāddha should be performed.
श्राद्धीयद्रव्यसंप्राप्तिर् यदा स्यात् साधुसंमता पार्वणेन विधानेन श्राद्धं कार्यं तथा द्विजैः
When the materials for the śrāddha, approved by the virtuous, are obtained, the śrāddha should be performed by the twice-born according to the rules for the new moon and full moon rites.
प्रतिसंवत्सरं कार्यं मातापित्रोर् मृते ऽहनि पितृव्यस्याप्य् अपुत्रस्य भ्रातुर् ज्येष्ठस्य चैव हि
Every year, on the day of death of one's mother and father, and also for a paternal uncle without sons, and for the eldest brother, the rite should be performed.
पार्वणं देवपूर्वं स्याद् एकोद्दिष्टं सुरैर् विना द्वौ दैवे पितृकार्ये त्रीन् एकैकम् उभयत्र वा
The new moon śrāddha should be performed first for the gods; the ekoddiṣṭa rite is done without the gods. In the rites for the gods, two are to be fed; in the rites for the ancestors, three, or one each in both cases.
मातामहानाम् अप्य् एवं सर्वम् ऊहेन कीर्तितम् प्रेतीभूतस्य सततं भुवि पिण्डं जलं तथा
In the same way, all this is said by inference for the maternal grandfathers as well. For one who has become a departed spirit, offerings of rice balls and water should always be made on earth.
सतिलं सकुशं दद्याद् बहिर् जलसमीपतः तृतीये ऽह्नि च कर्तव्यं प्रेतास्थिचयनं द्विजैः
One should offer sesame and darbha grass outside, near water; and on the third day, the collection of the bones of the departed should be performed by the twice-born.
दशाहे ब्राह्मणः शुद्धो द्वादशाहेन क्षत्रियः वैश्यः पञ्चदशाहेन शूद्रो मासेन शुध्यति
A Brāhmaṇa becomes purified in ten days, a Kṣatriya in twelve, a Vaiśya in fifteen, and a Śūdra is purified in a month.
सूतकान्ते गृहे श्राद्धम् एकोद्दिष्टं प्रचक्षते द्वादशे ऽहनि मासे च त्रिपक्षे च ततः परम्
At the end of the period of impurity in the house, the ekoddiṣṭa śrāddha is prescribed—on the twelfth day, or in a month, or after three fortnights, or thereafter.
मासि मासि च कर्तव्यं यावत् संवत्सरं द्विजाः तत परतरं कार्यं सपिण्डीकरणं क्रमात्
It should be performed every month for a year by the twice-born; after that, the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa rite should be performed in due order.
कृते सपिण्डीकरणे पार्वणं प्रोच्यते पुनः ततः प्रभृति निर्मुक्ताः प्रेतत्वात् पितृतां गताः
When the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa is performed, the new moon śrāddha is again prescribed; from then on, the departed are released from the state of pretas and attain the status of ancestors.
अमूर्ता मूर्तिमन्तश् च पितरो द्विविधाः स्मृताः नान्दीमुखास् त्व् अमूर्ताः स्युर् मूर्तिमन्तो ऽथ पार्वणाः एकोद्दिष्टाशिनः प्रेताः पितॄणां निर्णयस् त्रिधा
Ancestors are remembered as of two kinds: formless and embodied. The nāndīmukha are formless, while the pārvaṇa are embodied; the pretas partake of the ekoddiṣṭa. Thus, the determination regarding ancestors is threefold.
कथं सपिण्डीकरणं कर्तव्यं द्विजसत्तम प्रेतीभूतस्य विधिवद् ब्रूहि नो वदतां वर
O best of twice-born, tell us properly how the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa should be performed for one who has become a departed spirit, O foremost of speakers.
सपिण्डीकरणं विप्राः शृणुध्वं वदतो मम तच् चापि देवरहितम् एकार्घैकपवित्रकम्
Hear from me, O Brāhmaṇas, as I speak about the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa. It is to be done without the participation of the gods, with a single argha and a single pavitra.
नैवाग्नौ करणं तत्र तच् चावाहनवर्जितम् अपसव्यं च तत्रापि भोजयेद् अयुजो द्विजान्
There is no use of fire in that rite, nor is there any invocation; it is performed with the sacred thread over the right shoulder, and the twice-born are to be fed in an odd number.
विशेषस् तत्र चान्यो ऽस्ति प्रतिमासक्रियादिकः तं कथ्यमानम् एकाग्राः शृणुध्वं मे द्विजोत्तमाः
There is another distinction there, concerning the monthly rites and the like; listen with full attention as I describe it, O best of twice-born.
तिलगन्धोदकैर् युक्तं तत्र पात्रचतुष्टयम् कुर्यात् पितॄणां त्रितयम् एकं प्रेतस्य च द्विजाः
There, four vessels should be prepared, filled with sesame, fragrant substances, and water—three for the ancestors and one for the departed, O twice-born.
पात्रत्रये प्रेतपात्राद् अर्घं चैव प्रसेचयेत् ये समाना इति जपन् पूर्ववच् छेषम् आचरेत्
From the three vessels, and from the vessel for the departed, the argha should be offered; reciting 'they are the same,' the rest should be performed as before.
स्त्रीणाम् अप्य् एवम् एव स्याद् एकोद्दिष्टम् उदाहृतम् सपिण्डीकरणं तासां पुत्राभावे न विद्यते
For women, too, the ekoddiṣṭa is prescribed in the same way; but the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa for them does not exist in the absence of a son.
प्रतिसंवत्सरं कार्यम् एकोद्दिष्टं नरैः स्त्रियाः मृताहनि च तत् कार्यं पितॄणां विधिचोदितम्
Every year, a special offering should be performed by men for women on the anniversary of their death, as prescribed by the rites for the ancestors.
पुत्राभावे सपिण्डास् तु तदभावे सहोदराः कुर्युर् एतं विधिं सम्यक् पुत्रस्य च सुताः सुताः
In the absence of a son, those sharing the same ancestral oblations should perform this rite; if they are absent, then brothers should do so, and in the absence of a son, the son's sons should perform it.
कुर्यान् मातामहानां तु पुत्रिकातनयस् तथा द्व्यामुष्यायणसंज्ञास् तु मातामहपितामहान्
Likewise, the daughter's son should perform it for the maternal grandfather, and those called 'descendants of both lineages' should do so for the maternal grandfather and great-grandfather.
पूजयेयुर् यथान्यायं श्राद्धैर् नैमित्तिकैर् अपि सर्वाभावे स्त्रियः कुर्युः स्वभर्तॄणाम् अमन्त्रकम्
They should honor the ancestors properly with occasional śrāddha rites; in the absence of all others, women may perform the rites for their own husbands, but without mantras.
तदभावे च नृपतिः कारयेत् त्व् अकुटुम्बिनाम् तज्जातीयैर् नरैः सम्यग् वाहाद्याः सकलाः क्रियाः
If even they are absent, the king should have the rites performed for those without family, properly carried out by men of the same community, including all the necessary rituals beginning with the conveyance of offerings.
सर्वेषाम् एव वर्णानां बान्धवो नृपतिर् यतः एता वः कथिता विप्रा नित्या नैमित्तिकास् तथा
For all castes, the king is considered a relative; thus, O Brāhmaṇas, these regular and occasional rites have been explained to you.
वक्ष्ये श्राद्धाश्रयाम् अन्यां नित्यनैमित्तिकां क्रियाम् दर्शस् तत्र निमित्तं तु विद्याद् इन्दुक्षयान्वितः
Now I will explain another regular and occasional rite connected with śrāddha; in this, the new moon joined with the waning of the moon should be known as the occasion.
नित्यस् तु नियतः कालस् तस्मिन् कुर्याद् यथोदितम् सपिण्डीकरणाद् ऊर्ध्वं पितुर् यः प्रपितामहः
The fixed time is prescribed for this rite, which should be performed as stated, after the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa ceremony, for the father or great-grandfather.