You alone are Brahmā, the Lord of the Universe, the very essence called Brahman dwelling in the cosmic waters. You are the supreme source of all creation, radiating nectar-like light, the treasury from which all brilliance springs forth. Those who speak of the ultimate reality, Brahman, declare that you are the Ṛg Veda, the Sāma Veda, and the sacred syllable Oṃ. With cries of “Hāyi, hāyi, Hare, hāyi, huvāhā,” they sing your praises, extolling your greatness. The best among the gods, the singers of the Sāma, and those who are deeply learned in Brahman all sing of you. You are composed of the Yajur, Ṛg, Sāma, and Atharva Vedas. The knowers of Brahman, the groups well-versed in the Kalpa and Upaniṣads, and people of all social orders and stages of life—Brāhmaṇas, Kṣatriyas, Vaiśyas, Śūdras—recite your glory. You manifest as the communities of the āśramas, as lightning and thunder, as the year, the seasons, the months, and even the half-months. You are the divisions of time—kalās, kāṣṭhās, nimeṣas—as well as the constellations and the great ages. The hump of bulls and the peaks of mountains are but your forms. Among animals, you are the lion; among serpents, you are the lordly Takṣaka and Ananta. Of all the seas, you are the ocean of milk, and among mantras, you are the syllable Oṃ. You are the thunderbolt among weapons, and truth among vows. Desire, aversion, passion, delusion, tranquility, and forgiveness—all these are you alone. You are resolve, steadfastness, greed, desire, and anger; victory and defeat rest in you. The mace, the arrow, the bow, the club, and the mallet are your forms. You are the cutter, the breaker, the striker, the leader, and the wise counselor. As dharma, you embody its ten characteristics, and you are also artha and kāma. You are the moon, the ocean, the rivers, the ponds, and the lakes. Creepers, vines, grasses, herbs, cattle, wild animals, and birds—all are your manifestations. You are the origin of substance, action, and quality, the giver of time, flowers, and fruits. You are the beginning, the end, and the middle, the Gāyatrī, and the syllable Oṃ. You are all colors—green, red, black, blue, yellow—and that which is fleeting. You are Kadru, Kapila, Babhru, Kapota, and Macchaka. You are renowned as Suvarṇaretas, and also called Suvarṇa, Suvarṇanāma, and Suvarṇapriya. Indra, Yama, Varuṇa, Kubera, and Agni are your forms; you are also Utphulla, Citrabhānu, Svarbhānu, and Bhānu. You are the offering, the offerer, the object to be offered, and the oblation itself, as well as the Lord. Among Yajur hymns, you are the trisauparṇa and the Śatarudriya. You are the purifier among purifiers, the most auspicious among all that is auspicious. You are prāṇa, rajas, and tamas endowed with sattva. You are the five vital airs—prāṇa, apāna, samāna, udāna, and vyāna; you are the opening and closing of the eyes, hunger, thirst, and yawning. Your form is red-bodied, with fangs, a great mouth, and vast belly, pure-haired, green-bearded, hair standing upright, moving and unmoving. Your limbs are song, music, and dance; you delight in singing and playing instruments. You are a fish, a net, water, unconquerable, a water-serpent, a dweller in huts. You are untimely, timely, and adverse time; the destroyer of time; death, imperishable, the end, and the uprooter of earth and illusion. You are Samvarta and Vartaka, the Samvartaka and Balāhaka clouds, Ghantaki, Ghanti, Chudala, and the salt ocean. You are Brahma with the face of time-fire, holding a staff, shaven-headed, bearer of three staffs, the four ages, the four Vedas, the four sacrifices, and the four paths. You are the leader of the four stages of life, creator of the four castes, perishable and imperishable, beloved, clever, counted among groups, and the leader of groups. Wearing red garlands and garments, you are the lord of the mountains, beloved of the mountain-born, lord of artisans, best among artisans, the originator of all crafts. You are the destroyer of Bhaga’s eye, fierce, destroyer of Pūṣan’s teeth, Svāhā, Svadhā, the utterer of vaṣaṭ, salutation, and homage to you. You are hidden in vows, hidden from sight, served by those with hidden vows; you are the savior, the one who saves, the savior of all beings. You are creator, arranger, uniter, depositor, supporter, bearer; you are austerity, Brahman, truth, celibacy, and uprightness. You are the soul of beings, creator of beings, being itself, the origin of past, future, and present; earth, atmosphere, heaven, being, fire, and great lord. You are Brahmāvarta, Surāvarta, and Kāmāvarta; homage to you. You are the destroyer of the image of desire, fond of garlands of karṇikāra flowers. You are the leader of cows, moving among cows, lord whose vehicle is the bull, protector of the three worlds, Govinda, protector, and Garga among cows. Facing the undivided moon, you have a beautiful face, a difficult face, a faceless one, four-faced, many-faced, always facing battle. You are the golden womb, a bird, giver of wealth, lord of wealth, vast, great unrighteousness, greatly skilled, bearer of the staff, fond of battle. Standing, firm, steadfast, unmoving, well-settled, hard to restrain, hard to endure, difficult to bear, and hard to surpass. You are hard to hold, hard to approach, eternal, hard to subdue, victorious, victory itself; hare, moon-eyed, cold and hot, hunger, thirst, and old age. You are afflictions and diseases, the destroyer of disease, lord of disease, enduring, hunter of sacrificial animals, source and non-source of diseases. You are Śikhaṇḍī, Puṇḍarīka, the One who gazes upon the lotus, the bearer of the staff, the one with the discus and staff, and the destroyer of the portion belonging to Rudra. You are the drinker of poison, the drinker of nectar, the drinker of divine liquor, the drinker of milk and soma, the drinker of honey, the drinker of water, the drinker of everything, strong and weak alike. Your limbs are those of a bull; you are the bull himself, bull-eyed, and the renowned bull, the purifier of the worlds. The moon and sun are your eyes, O Ancient One, and the heart is the grandsire; Agniṣṭoma is your body, established by righteous action. All that exists—manifest and unmanifest, moving and unmoving, time and timelessness, the Vedas, the elements, the gods, the seasons, and the very breath of life—are but your forms. In all things, in all beings, in every moment and every path, you alone shine forth, O Supreme Lord.