O revered sages, listen as the wondrous geography of the worlds unfolds. Encircling the great continent of Jambūdvīpa, whose expanse stretches a hundred thousand yojanas, there stands a vast ocean of milk, forming a perfect circle around it. Just as the island named Jambū is surrounded by its ocean of salt, so too beyond this salty sea lies the next island, Plakṣa, which encircles the ocean. Jambūdvīpa itself measures one hundred thousand yojanas, but Plakṣadvīpa is declared to be twice that size. Within Plakṣadvīpa, Medhātithi reigns as lord, and he has seven illustrious sons: the foremost is Śāntabhaya, followed by Śiśira, then Sukhodaya, Ānanda, Śiva, Kṣemaka, and Dhruva. These seven sons became the rulers of the seven regions of Plakṣadvīpa: Śāntabhaya in the east, then Śiśira, Sukhada, Ānanda, Śiva, Kṣemaka, and Dhruva. The boundaries of their realms are marked by mighty mountains, dividing the regions. Their names are Gomeda, Candra, Nārada, Dandubhi, Somaka, Sumanā, and Vaibhrāja. In these delightful lands and mountain regions, sinless beings dwell, alongside gods and gandharvas, living in harmony with their peoples. The inhabitants of Plakṣadvīpa are heroic and immortal; there is neither sorrow nor disease, and happiness prevails always. Seven rivers flow through the land, their names sanctifying those who hear them: Anutaptā, Śikhā, Viprāśā, Tridivā, Kramu, Amṛtā, and Sukṛtā. These are the principal rivers, and there are thousands more, along with countless smaller mountains. The people joyfully drink from these rivers, which only descend, never rise. There is no division of ages among the seven regions; time there is always equal to the Tretā Yuga. In Plakṣadvīpa and the regions beyond Śākadvīpa, people live five thousand years, free from illness. There, dharma is fourfold, arising from the division of classes and stages of life. The four classes are called Āryakas, Kurus, Viviśvas, and Bhāvinas—the Brāhmaṇas, Kṣatriyas, Vaiśyas, and Śūdras. At the center of Plakṣadvīpa stands a great Plakṣa tree, equal in size to the Jambū tree, from which the island takes its name. The Lord is worshipped there by all classes, beginning with the Āryakas; Hari, the creator and lord of all, appears in the form of Soma. Plakṣa Island is surrounded by an ocean of sugarcane juice, equal in breadth to the island itself, forming a protective circle. Thus, Plakṣa Island has been described. Now, O sages, listen to the account of Śālmalī Island. Its lord is Vīra, radiant and powerful, and his seven sons are Śveta, Harita, Jīmūta, Rohita, Vaidyuta, Mānasa, and Suprabha. The ocean surrounding Śālmalī is filled with sugarcane juice and is twice the breadth of the island. There are seven mountains, sources of jewels, and seven rivers, each marking a region. The mountains are Kumuda, Unnata, Balāhaka, Droṇa (where medicinal herbs abound), Kaṅka, Mahiṣa, and Kakudmat, the best of mountains. The rivers are Śroṇī, Toyā, Vitṛṣṇā, Candrā, Śukrā, Vimocanī, and Nivṛtti, remembered as givers of relief from sin. The seven regions are named Śveta, Lohita, Jīmūta, Harita, Vaidyuta, Mānasa, and Suprabha. The four social classes dwell in these regions: Kapila, Āruṇa, Pīta, and Kṛṣṇa, representing Brāhmaṇas, Kṣatriyas, Vaiśyas, and Śūdras, each worshipping the Blessed Lord Viṣṇu, the imperishable soul of all, present as the wind and established in sacrifice. The presence of the gods here is exceedingly delightful, and the great tree Śālmalī fulfills all names. This island is surrounded by the ocean of Suroda, equal in extent to Śālmalī on all sides. The ocean of Suroda, in turn, is encircled by Kuśa Island, which is twice the breadth of Śālmalī. In Kuśa Island, the sons of Jyotiṣmat are Udbhida, Veṇumān, Svairatha, Randhana, Dhṛti, Prabhākara, and Kapila. These are the names of the regions, inhabited by humans together with Daityas and Dānavas. There, gods, gandharvas, yakshas, kimpurushas, and others also dwell, and the four castes are present, each devoted to their prescribed duties. The Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras are disciplined, energetic, affectionate, and slow-minded, each fulfilling their roles in order. Thus, the islands and their peoples, mountains, rivers, and oceans are revealed, each with its own wonders and divine order, forming the vast and harmonious tapestry of the world.