हंसस्वरामेकवर्णां मधुपिंगललोचनाम्
One with a swan-like voice, of a single syllable name, with honey-colored or tawny eyes—
दाराग्निहोत्रसंयोगं कुरुते योऽग्रजे स्थिते
He who performs the union of wife and sacred fire while the elder brother is present—
परिवित्तिः परिवेत्ता च यया स परिविद्यते
The one who gives away, the one who receives, and she by whom the giving is done—
क्लीबे देशांतरस्थे वा पतिते व्रजिते तथा
If the elder brother is impotent, is abroad, has fallen, or has departed—
खंजवामनकुब्जेषु गद्गदेषु जडेषु च
Among the lame, dwarfish, hunchbacked, stammering, or dull-witted—
न श्राद्धं तु कनिष्ठस्य विकुलाय च कन्यका न मंत्राः कारणं तत्र न च कन्या वृता भवेत्
No funeral offering is for the youngest, nor for a girl of a broken family; there are no mantras used there, nor should the girl be chosen.
उद्वाहिता तु याकन्या न च प्राप्ता तु मैथुनम्
A girl who has been married but has not yet engaged in sexual union—
समाक्षिप्य मतां कन्यां पिता त्वक्षतयोनिकाम् 1.182.
The father may reclaim a maiden who remains with an unbroken womb.
लक्षणं ब्रूहि चैतेषां समासात्तिमिरापह
Tell me the characteristics of these, O dispeller of darkness, in brief.
अलंकृत्यार्हते दानं विवाहो ब्राह्म उच्यते
When adorned and deserving of a gift, marriage is called Brāhma.
सह धर्मक्रियाहेतोर्दानं समयबंधनात्
The giving (of a maiden) together, for the sake of performing religious rites, is bound by agreement.
प्रदानं यत्र कन्यायाः सहगोमिथुनेन तु
Where the maiden is given along with a pair of cows as a gift.
अंतर्वेद्यां समानीय कन्यां कनकमंडिताम्
Bringing the maiden, adorned with gold, into the sacrificial arena.
एते विवाहाश्चत्वारो धर्मकामार्थदायकाः
These four types of marriages bestow righteousness, desire, and wealth.
चतुर्ष्वेतेषु दत्तायामुत्पन्नो यः सुतः स्त्रियाम्
A son born to a woman given in any of these four (marriages)—
विविक्ते स्वयमन्योऽन्यं स्त्रीपुंसोर्यः समागमः
The union of a man and woman who come together privately, of their own accord—
हत्वा च्छित्त्वा च भित्त्वा च क्रोशंतीं रुदतीं गृहात्
Having killed, cut, or struck, and taking away a weeping, crying woman from her house—
शुल्कं प्रदाय कन्याया हरणं व्यसनादपि 1.182.
Abduction of a maiden, even by force, after giving a bride-price.
सुप्तां मत्तां प्रमत्तां वा रहो यत्रोपगच्छति
When one approaches a woman who is asleep, intoxicated, or careless, in secret—
एतान्सशुल्कान्सामान्यान्विवाहांश्चतुरो विदुः
These four marriages, involving bride-price, are considered common.
प्राप्ते पूर्वविवाहे तु विधिर्वैवाहिकः शिवः
If a previous marriage has occurred, the proper marriage rite is fulfilled.
दोषवत्याः प्रदाने तु दातुः षण्णवतिर्दमः
For giving a woman with faults, the giver incurs a penalty of ninety-six coins.
मोक्षोपवर्तनं द्वेषः स्त्रीधनस्य निवर्तनम्
Separation, enmity, and the return of the woman's property (occur).
परस्परस्य संबंधान्मोक्षः स्त्रीपुंसयोः स्मृतः
Release from the relationship between man and woman is called dissolution.
बाधते चेत्पतिर्भार्यां स तु द्वेष इति स्मृतः
If the husband oppresses the wife, that is called enmity.
भोक्तृस्तु स्वयमेवेदं प्रतिज्ञाहननं भवेत्
But if the husband himself enjoys (her), it is considered a breach of agreement.
आपत्तिसमये जाते स्त्रीधनं भोक्तुमर्हति
In times of distress, he is permitted to use the woman's property.
जायन्ते यदि नो पुत्रास्तस्यां यत्ने महत्यपि 1.182.
If no sons are born to her, even with great effort—
पुत्रलाभात्परं लोके नास्ति हि प्रसवार्थिनः समस्तास्तोषयित्वार्थैः सूर्योढां परमां वरेत्
For one desiring offspring, there is nothing greater in this world than the attainment of a child; having satisfied everyone with gifts, one should choose the supreme bride at sunrise.
एका शूद्रस्य वैश्यस्य द्वे तिस्रः क्षत्रियस्य तु
A Śūdra may have one wife, a Vaiśya two, and a Kṣatriya three.