एवमुक्तो महातेजा भास्करो वारितस्करः
Thus addressed, the radiant Bhaskara, the remover of darkness, spoke—
समयानामुपायानां योगो व्याससमासतः
The connection of rules and methods is to be understood both in detail and in summary.
अध्यक्षाणां च निक्षेपः करणानां निरूपणम्
The duties of overseers and the determination of instruments are to be established.
संध्योपास्तिस्तथा कार्या शुनो मांसं न भक्षयेत्
One should perform the worship at twilight, and must not eat the flesh of a dog.
पालाशं धारयेद्दंडमुभयार्था विदुर्बुधाः 1.181.
One should carry a staff of palasha wood; the wise know this serves both purposes.
श्रुतौ दृष्टं यथा कार्यं स्मृतो तत्तादृशं यदि
As an act is prescribed in the Shruti, so it should be performed in the Smriti, if it is of the same kind.
उक्तो धर्मश्च संक्षेपात्परिभाषा च तद्गता
Thus, dharma has been briefly stated, along with its definitions contained therein.
ब्रह्मावर्तः परो देश ऋषिशस्तस्त्वनंतरः
Brahmavarta is the foremost land; the region praised by the sages is the next.
कृष्णसारस्तु विचरेन्मृगो यत्र स्वभावतः
Where the black antelope naturally roams, that is the land.
ब्रह्मादीनां च देवानां ब्राह्मणादेस्तथैव च
For the gods beginning with Brahma, and likewise for the brahmins,
साधनत्वं मनुः प्राह वेदमूलं सनातनम्
Manu declared their means of attainment to be the eternal Veda as the root.
उपलभ्य यथातत्त्वं स च दर्शितवानृषिः
Having truly understood, the sage revealed it as it is.
निष्कामेन सदा वीर काम्यं रूपान्वितेन च कर्मणां फलमाप्नोति न्यायार्जितधनश्च यः
O hero, one who acts without desire, and one who acts with desire and form, both obtain the fruit of their actions; and one who acquires wealth justly.
विभागं ब्रूहि देवेंद्र संमानय ग्रहाधिप
Tell me the division, O lord of the gods, and honor the lord of the planets.
तं देवनिर्मितं देशं ब्रह्मावर्तं प्रचक्षते ।। 1.181.
That land, created by the gods, is called Brahmavarta.
हिमवद्विंध्यधरयोर्यदंतरमुदाहृतम् आसमुद्रात्तु वै पूर्वादासमुद्रात्तु पश्चिमात्
The region between the Himalayas and the Vindhyas is declared to be so, stretching from the eastern ocean to the western ocean.
तयोरेवांतरं गिर्योरार्यावर्तं विदुर्बुधाः
The wise know that the region between these two mountains is called Āryāvarta.
शूद्रस्तु यस्मिंस्तस्मिन्वा निवसेद्वृत्तिकर्शितः
But if a Śūdra, afflicted by hardship, dwells in that region or elsewhere,
विवाहविधिवर्णनम् आदित्य उवाच उक्तं धर्मस्य रूपं तु साधिकारं सनातनम्
Description of the marriage rite.
ब्रह्मचारी गृहस्थश्च वनस्थो भिक्षुरेव च
Brahmacārin, householder, forest-dweller, and mendicant—
गायत्रो ब्रह्मचारी तु प्राजापत्यो द्वितीयकः
The Gāyatra is for the brahmacārin; the Prājāpatya is the second.
चत्वार आश्रमाः प्रोक्ताः सवेदाः समधर्मकाः
Four āśramas are declared, together with the Vedas, all sharing the same dharma.
गर्भाधानमृतौ कार्यं हृष्टयोस्तु समन्त्रकम्
The rite of conception should be performed at the proper season, with both joyful and with mantras.
सीमन्तः सप्तमे गर्भे षष्ठे वा सप्तमेऽपि वा
The sīmantonnayana is to be performed in the seventh month of pregnancy, or in the sixth or even the seventh.
जातकर्मादयः सर्वे संस्काराः पुरुषस्य तु
All the sacraments beginning with the birth-rite are prescribed for a person.
जातकर्मेति तत्प्रोक्तं गुह्यं नाम तदैव तु
This is called the birth-rite; at that very time, the secret name is also given.
धर्मशास्त्रादिसंयुक्तं षष्ठेऽन्नप्राशनं खग
The feeding of solid food is to be done in the sixth month, in accordance with the Dharmaśāstra, O bird.
अष्टमे दशमे वापि ब्राह्मणस्योपनायनम् 1.182.
For a brāhmaṇa, the investiture with the sacred thread is to be performed in the eighth or tenth year.
एकादशे द्वादशे वा कार्य क्षत्रियवैश्ययोः
For kṣatriyas and vaiśyas, it should be done in the eleventh or twelfth year.
पुरुषस्य तथा चान्य उभयोश्च ब्रवीम्यहम्
Thus I declare for a person and for others, and for both.