दुर्गोत्थानं तुलायां तु विष्णुर्निद्रां जहात्यसौ
When Libra arises, Viṣṇu abandons sleep at that time.
तिथिविधानवर्णनम् काले तान्येव कर्माणि फलं यच्छंति कुर्वताम्
At the proper time, those very actions yield their results for those who perform them.
मुहुर्बाल्ये कर्मफलं त्रिकालेऽपि न विद्यते
In childhood, the fruit of action is not found, even in all three times.
कालस्तु गुणभावेन सर्वकालाश्रिता क्रिया
Time, indeed, by its qualities, is the basis for all actions at all times.
अतः कालं प्रवक्ष्यामि निमित्तं कर्मणामिह । काले ह्यमूर्तिर्भगवानेक एव तु यद्यपि
Therefore, I will explain time, the cause of actions here; for although the Lord is formless and one, time is indeed that.
तिथिनक्षत्रवारादौ रात्रियोगादयोपि ये साधनानि भवन्त्येते स्वातन्त्र्येण न कस्यचित्
The lunar days, stars, weekdays, and also the night conjunctions—these means exist, but not independently for anyone.
धर्मस्य वाप्यधर्मस्य मुख्यो व्यापार एव सः
For righteousness or unrighteousness, the main agent is indeed action.
पालयन्स्वर्गमाप्नोति हित्वा प्राप्नोत्यधोगतिम्
By upholding it, one attains heaven; by abandoning it, one attains a lower state.
कालभागो निःसहायो येऽपि स्युः कर्मसाधनाः
Even those means of action that are without a share of time are powerless.
एकोद्दिष्टं तु मध्याह्नव्यापिन्यां हि समाचरेत्
One should perform the single-offering rite during the midday period.
न तु पूर्वाह्णमध्याह्नपराह्णेषु यथोचितम् 2.2.7.
But not in the forenoon, midday, or afternoon, as is appropriate.
एको हि कालः प्रातस्तु वृद्धिश्राद्धादिसाधने
There is only one time in the morning for the performance of rites like the vṛddhi-śrāddha.
देवेभ्यो ब्रह्मणा दत्तः पूर्वाह्णस्तिथिभिः सह
The forenoon, along with the lunar days, was given by Brahmā to the gods.
पूर्वाह्णमात्रसंप्राप्तौ ततो देवान्प्रपूजयेत्
When only the forenoon has arrived, then one should worship the gods.
खर्वा दर्पा तथा हिंस्रा तिथिश्च त्रिविधा भवेत्
The tithi is of three kinds: kharva, darpa, and himsra.
हिंस्रा तु क्षयजा ज्ञेया कालभेदेन गृह्यते
The himsra tithi is to be known as arising from kshaya, and is determined by the difference in time.
शुक्लपक्षे परा ग्राह्या कृष्णे पूर्वा प्रशस्यते
In the bright fortnight, the later tithi is to be taken; in the dark fortnight, the earlier is praised.
यथावास्ते रविर्भाति घटिका दश वापि वा
As the sun remains, it shines for ten ghatis or even more.
शुक्ले वा यदि वा कृष्णे खर्वा दर्पा तिथिश्च या 2.2.7.
Whether in the bright or the dark fortnight, whichever tithi is kharva or darpa.
दिनद्वयेऽपि कुतपे अस्तगां तिथिमाश्रयेत् व्रते च वृद्धिगामिन्यां यत्रोदयो रवेर्भवेत्
Even in two days, one should observe the tithi that has set, and in the vow that leads to increase, where the sunrise of the sun occurs.
अमावास्यपार्वणे च सा तिथिः पितृपूजने
On the new moon and full moon, that tithi is for the worship of ancestors.
अस्तगामितिथिर्यत्र सा तिथिः पितृमंदिरम्
Where the tithi has set, that tithi is for the abode of ancestors.
शुक्लपक्षे च कृष्णे च यो योगः परपूर्वयोः सा पूज्या च स्वकृत्येषु पक्षयोरुभयोरपि
In both the bright and dark fortnights, the conjunction of the later and earlier tithis is to be honored in one's actions in both fortnights.
पूज्या हि व्यस्तं संत्यज्य पूर्वं चैकादशीयुगम्
Indeed, the honored tithi is to be observed, abandoning the separated one and the earlier combination of Ekadashi.
एता उपोष्यास्तिथयः पुण्याः स्युर्धर्मवेदिभिः
These tithis are to be observed as fasts; they are auspicious for those who know dharma.
बाणेन विद्धा या षष्ठी मुनिविद्धा तथाष्टमी
The sixth tithi pierced by Bana and the eighth pierced by a sage.
अमावास्या भूतविद्धा नोपोष्या मुनिनापि च
The new moon pierced by spirits is not to be observed even by a sage.
विद्धा ये नाभिनिन्द्याः स्युर्युक्तास्तेनाभिनन्दिताः
Those pierced tithis are not to be condemned; when proper, they are to be praised.
तामस्तां तु तिथिं प्राप्य युग्मान्यपूज्यतामियुः 2.2.7.
Having attained such a tithi, the paired ones become unworthy of worship.
नक्तादिव्रतयोगे तु दिवासंवर्द्धमर्करान्
In the conjunction of night and other vows, the sun increases during the day.