द्विसप्ततिर्दिनान्यस्य महास्तं पूर्वतो भवेत्
For him, seventy-two days before the great setting (of Venus) should be observed.
ऊनपञ्चाशदधिकं दिवसानां शतद्वयम्
A little less than fifty, or a little more, or two hundred days (should be considered).
एकर्क्षे गुरुणा युक्तो यावत्तिष्ठति भार्गवः
As long as Venus remains conjoined with Jupiter in one sign,
ऋक्षभेदे त्वेकराशौ संपर्के यदि वानयोः
But if there is a change of sign, or if both are together in one sign,
सिंहे राशौ स्थिते सूर्ये जीवे चास्तमुपागते 2.2.6.
When the Sun is in the sign of Leo and Jupiter has set,
मिथुनस्थे यदा भानौ मलमासः पतत्यसौ
When the Sun is in Gemini, then that impure month occurs.
फलं चात्र मृतस्यौर्ध्वदेहिकं कर्म कुर्वता
The result here is for the deceased, when one performs the post-mortem rites.
आषाढद्वयसंयुक्तपूर्णमासीद्वयं तथा
Likewise, when there are two full-moon days joined with the two Āṣāḍha months—
भवेद्गौणो द्विराषाढो राशिस्तत्रैव संयुते
There is a secondary (gauṇa) double-Āṣāḍha, when the sign is joined there itself.
कर्कटे शयनं कुर्यादागमिष्यं परत्रके
In Cancer, one should arrange the resting place for the one who is to depart to the other world.
दुर्गोत्थानं तुलायां तु विष्णुर्निद्रां जहात्यसौ
When Libra arises, Viṣṇu abandons sleep at that time.
तिथिविधानवर्णनम् काले तान्येव कर्माणि फलं यच्छंति कुर्वताम्
At the proper time, those very actions yield their results for those who perform them.
मुहुर्बाल्ये कर्मफलं त्रिकालेऽपि न विद्यते
In childhood, the fruit of action is not found, even in all three times.
कालस्तु गुणभावेन सर्वकालाश्रिता क्रिया
Time, indeed, by its qualities, is the basis for all actions at all times.
अतः कालं प्रवक्ष्यामि निमित्तं कर्मणामिह । काले ह्यमूर्तिर्भगवानेक एव तु यद्यपि
Therefore, I will explain time, the cause of actions here; for although the Lord is formless and one, time is indeed that.
तिथिनक्षत्रवारादौ रात्रियोगादयोपि ये साधनानि भवन्त्येते स्वातन्त्र्येण न कस्यचित्
The lunar days, stars, weekdays, and also the night conjunctions—these means exist, but not independently for anyone.
धर्मस्य वाप्यधर्मस्य मुख्यो व्यापार एव सः
For righteousness or unrighteousness, the main agent is indeed action.
पालयन्स्वर्गमाप्नोति हित्वा प्राप्नोत्यधोगतिम्
By upholding it, one attains heaven; by abandoning it, one attains a lower state.
कालभागो निःसहायो येऽपि स्युः कर्मसाधनाः
Even those means of action that are without a share of time are powerless.
एकोद्दिष्टं तु मध्याह्नव्यापिन्यां हि समाचरेत्
One should perform the single-offering rite during the midday period.
न तु पूर्वाह्णमध्याह्नपराह्णेषु यथोचितम् 2.2.7.
But not in the forenoon, midday, or afternoon, as is appropriate.
एको हि कालः प्रातस्तु वृद्धिश्राद्धादिसाधने
There is only one time in the morning for the performance of rites like the vṛddhi-śrāddha.
देवेभ्यो ब्रह्मणा दत्तः पूर्वाह्णस्तिथिभिः सह
The forenoon, along with the lunar days, was given by Brahmā to the gods.
पूर्वाह्णमात्रसंप्राप्तौ ततो देवान्प्रपूजयेत्
When only the forenoon has arrived, then one should worship the gods.
खर्वा दर्पा तथा हिंस्रा तिथिश्च त्रिविधा भवेत्
The tithi is of three kinds: kharva, darpa, and himsra.
हिंस्रा तु क्षयजा ज्ञेया कालभेदेन गृह्यते
The himsra tithi is to be known as arising from kshaya, and is determined by the difference in time.
शुक्लपक्षे परा ग्राह्या कृष्णे पूर्वा प्रशस्यते
In the bright fortnight, the later tithi is to be taken; in the dark fortnight, the earlier is praised.
यथावास्ते रविर्भाति घटिका दश वापि वा
As the sun remains, it shines for ten ghatis or even more.
शुक्ले वा यदि वा कृष्णे खर्वा दर्पा तिथिश्च या 2.2.7.
Whether in the bright or the dark fortnight, whichever tithi is kharva or darpa.
दिनद्वयेऽपि कुतपे अस्तगां तिथिमाश्रयेत् व्रते च वृद्धिगामिन्यां यत्रोदयो रवेर्भवेत्
Even in two days, one should observe the tithi that has set, and in the vow that leads to increase, where the sunrise of the sun occurs.