अहोरात्रं तु तन्नैवं सौरेऽपि भागमानतः
But a day and night are not thus in the solar reckoning, which is measured by portions.
सौरे चान्द्रे तूपगणौ त्रिंशद्भागे त्वदर्शनात्
In both solar and lunar months, the divisions are counted in thirtieth parts, due to their invisibility.
अतिभागव्यवस्थायां प्रायश्चित्तक्रियासु च
When there is an excess or deficiency in the reckoning, and in the performance of expiatory rites,
करस्य ग्रहणे राज्ञो व्यवहारेषु माःसु च
In the collection of taxes, royal affairs, and in legal matters concerning months,
सौरमासो विवाहादौ यदाद्यैः सुप्रगृह्यते 2.2.6.
The solar month is properly accepted in marriage and other auspicious ceremonies.
चान्द्रस्तु पार्वणे ग्राह्यो वार्षिकेष्वष्टकासु च
But the lunar month is to be used in full-moon sacrifices and in the observance of aṣṭakā rites.
नाक्षत्रः सोमपादीनामार्यभागविचारणे
The stellar month is for the consideration of the lunar mansions in the rites of Soma and others.
तद्वच्चैत्रादिमासोक्तं तिथ्युक्तं कर्म दृश्यते
Likewise, actions prescribed for months beginning with Caitra, and those based on tithis, are observed.
राजोक्तौ सावनः प्रोक्ते तिथिसंभागकर्मणि
The civil (sāvana) month is mentioned in royal proclamations and in rites involving the division of tithis.
चित्रानक्षत्रयोगेन चैत्री सा पूर्णिमा स्मृता
The full moon of Caitra is considered to occur when it coincides with the Citrā lunar mansion.
स च तिथ्यात्मको मासश्चान्द्रः श्रवणभास्करः
And that lunar month, based on the tithi, is called Śravaṇa Bhāskara.
गौणोऽप्यसौ युगाद्यादेरनुरोधेन वर्धनात्
This is also considered secondary, increasing in accordance with the beginning of the yuga.
चैत्राद्याश्चान्द्रमासा ये द्वादशापि तु योगतः
The twelve lunar months, beginning with Caitra, are determined by their conjunctions.
विशाखयाद्येषु या वा तथा भाद्रपदेन वा
Whether among those beginning with Viśākhā or likewise with Bhādrapada.
योऽसौ यद्यपि चैत्रादौ नैष्ठिकोऽपि प्रलभ्यते 2.2.6.
Even if it is not found at the beginning of Caitra, it may still be obtained as Naiṣṭhika.
तथा च माससामान्ये योगेनायं भवेत्क्वचित्
Thus, in the general months, this may occur through conjunction at times.
संयुक्ता लभ्यते यत्र भवेद्राज्यविनाशनम्
Where the conjunction occurs, there will be the destruction of sovereignty.
दण्डद्वये भुक्तशेषे न भुञ्जीत कदाचन
When two daṇḍas remain after consumption, one should never partake again.
यत्र विंशत्तिथिस्तस्मात्सञ्चितैका भवेदिति
Where there are twenty tithis, from that, only one accumulated is to be considered.
स चाधिको यतो मासस्ततः स्यादधिमासकः
And since that month is excessive, it is called the intercalary month.
गशे राश्यंतरे सूर्यो यावद्गच्छति भानुमान्
As long as the Sun, the shining one, moves through the interval between signs.
वर्धते तिथयो यावत्तुलां याति दिवा करः
The tithis increase until the Sun reaches the sign of Libra during the day.
स्वभावात्समगत्या तु यतः संक्रमते रविः निशास्वपि तु सौरे ता एकस्मिंस्तिस्र इत्यपि
By its own nature and equal movement, when the Sun transits, even at night, those solar tithis may be three in one.
संपूर्णत्रिंशत्तिथिभिर्मास्येकस्मिन्यदा भवेत्
When there are thirty complete tithis in a single month.
भुक्तोच्छिष्टा तु तन्मासादसंस्पृष्टदिवाकरः 2.2.6.
The remnants consumed from that month are untouched by the Sun.
सार्धवर्षद्वये पूर्णे पतत्येवं निशाकरः तिथयस्ते नियोक्तव्या नरो न स्यात्स पूरणः
When two and a half years are completed, thus the Moon falls; those tithis must be assigned, and a person should not be the fulfiller.
नैर्ऋत्यांतं हितार्थाय जलकेतुर्निगच्छति
For the sake of benefit, the water-banner moves toward the southwest end.
अतः प्रेतक्रियाः सर्वाः कार्या मलिम्लुचेऽपि च
Therefore, all rites for the departed should be performed, even for the impure.
तदिदानीं प्रवक्ष्यामि कथितं च प्रसंगतः मलमासेऽपि तत्कार्यं विशि नष्टि सपिंडनम्
Now I shall explain, as it has been mentioned in context: even in an impure month, that rite should be performed, especially the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa ceremony.
यदा तु द्वादशो मासो दैवान्मलिम्लुचो भवेत्। तत्रैव यत्नात्कर्तव्या क्रिया प्रेतस्य वार्षिकी
But when the twelfth month, due to fate, becomes impure, then the annual rite for the deceased must be performed with effort in that very month.