हिरण्यगर्भेति ऋचा पञ्चरत्नानि निक्षिपेत् सविता देवता चास्य रत्नन्यासेति योज येत्
With the verse 'Hiraṇyagarbha,' one should deposit five jewels; Savitṛ is the deity, and this is to be applied in the placing of the jewels.
अमृतीकरणं कुर्याद्दैवशुल्बनमेव च
One should perform the making of nectar and also the divine measurement.
श्रीश्च ते इति मन्त्रेण दद्यात्पुष्पं सचन्दनम्
With the mantra 'śrīśca te', one should offer flowers along with sandalwood.
काण्डादिति च मन्त्रेण दद्याद्दूर्वाक्षतं पुनः
With the mantra 'kāṇḍāditi', one should again offer dūrvā grass and rice grains.
तिलाश्च माषा मुद्गाश्च श्यामाकाः शालयः स्मृताः
Sesame seeds, black gram, green gram, wild millet, and rice are prescribed.
मासवर्णनम् क्रियते तद्विधं संख्ये भवेन्मास श्चतुर्विधः
Description of Months: The reckoning is made in this way; a month is of four kinds.
चान्द्रः सौरः सावनश्च नाक्षत्रश्च तथापरः
They are lunar, solar, civil (sāvana), and stellar (nakṣatra) months.
एकराशौ रविर्यावत्स मासः सौर उच्यते
The period during which the sun remains in a single zodiac sign is called a solar month.
नाक्षत्रमासोऽश्विन्यादिरेवत्यन्तो हि विश्रुतः
The stellar month is well known as beginning with Aśvinī and ending with Revatī.
तंत्रेणैकतिथेर्भागकालो दिवस ऐन्दवः
By calculation, the time of a single lunar day (tithi) is called an 'aindava' day.
अहोरात्रं तु तन्नैवं सौरेऽपि भागमानतः
But a day and night are not thus in the solar reckoning, which is measured by portions.
सौरे चान्द्रे तूपगणौ त्रिंशद्भागे त्वदर्शनात्
In both solar and lunar months, the divisions are counted in thirtieth parts, due to their invisibility.
अतिभागव्यवस्थायां प्रायश्चित्तक्रियासु च
When there is an excess or deficiency in the reckoning, and in the performance of expiatory rites,
करस्य ग्रहणे राज्ञो व्यवहारेषु माःसु च
In the collection of taxes, royal affairs, and in legal matters concerning months,
सौरमासो विवाहादौ यदाद्यैः सुप्रगृह्यते 2.2.6.
The solar month is properly accepted in marriage and other auspicious ceremonies.
चान्द्रस्तु पार्वणे ग्राह्यो वार्षिकेष्वष्टकासु च
But the lunar month is to be used in full-moon sacrifices and in the observance of aṣṭakā rites.
नाक्षत्रः सोमपादीनामार्यभागविचारणे
The stellar month is for the consideration of the lunar mansions in the rites of Soma and others.
तद्वच्चैत्रादिमासोक्तं तिथ्युक्तं कर्म दृश्यते
Likewise, actions prescribed for months beginning with Caitra, and those based on tithis, are observed.
राजोक्तौ सावनः प्रोक्ते तिथिसंभागकर्मणि
The civil (sāvana) month is mentioned in royal proclamations and in rites involving the division of tithis.
चित्रानक्षत्रयोगेन चैत्री सा पूर्णिमा स्मृता
The full moon of Caitra is considered to occur when it coincides with the Citrā lunar mansion.
स च तिथ्यात्मको मासश्चान्द्रः श्रवणभास्करः
And that lunar month, based on the tithi, is called Śravaṇa Bhāskara.
गौणोऽप्यसौ युगाद्यादेरनुरोधेन वर्धनात्
This is also considered secondary, increasing in accordance with the beginning of the yuga.
चैत्राद्याश्चान्द्रमासा ये द्वादशापि तु योगतः
The twelve lunar months, beginning with Caitra, are determined by their conjunctions.
विशाखयाद्येषु या वा तथा भाद्रपदेन वा
Whether among those beginning with Viśākhā or likewise with Bhādrapada.
योऽसौ यद्यपि चैत्रादौ नैष्ठिकोऽपि प्रलभ्यते 2.2.6.
Even if it is not found at the beginning of Caitra, it may still be obtained as Naiṣṭhika.
तथा च माससामान्ये योगेनायं भवेत्क्वचित्
Thus, in the general months, this may occur through conjunction at times.
संयुक्ता लभ्यते यत्र भवेद्राज्यविनाशनम्
Where the conjunction occurs, there will be the destruction of sovereignty.
दण्डद्वये भुक्तशेषे न भुञ्जीत कदाचन
When two daṇḍas remain after consumption, one should never partake again.
यत्र विंशत्तिथिस्तस्मात्सञ्चितैका भवेदिति
Where there are twenty tithis, from that, only one accumulated is to be considered.
स चाधिको यतो मासस्ततः स्यादधिमासकः
And since that month is excessive, it is called the intercalary month.