स्यात्पञ्चता कालधर्भो दिष्टान्तः प्रलयोऽत्य्यः । विशो भूमिस्पृशो वैश्या वृत्तिर्वर्तनजीवने ।। ३६६.
The natural end is death; time is the agent of destruction; dissolution is the final example. The people are those who dwell upon the earth; the livelihood of Vaiśyas is through trade and sustenance.
कृष्यादिवृत्तयो ज्ञेयाः कुसीदं वृद्धिजीविका । उद्धारोऽर्थप्रयोगः स्यात्कणिशं सस्यमञ्जरी ।। ३६६.
Occupations such as agriculture and the like should be understood; usury is living by interest. Lending is the use of wealth; the smallest grain is the seed cluster.
सिंशारुः सस्यशूकं स्यात् स्तम्बो गुत्सस्तृणादिनः । धान्यं व्रीहिः स्तम्बकरिः कड़ङ्गरो वुषं स्मृतं ।। ३६६.
The husk is the outer covering of grain; the stalk is the stem, and the pith is the inner part of grasses and such. Grain is rice; the cluster-bearer is the stalk; karaṅgara is known as the chaff.
माषादयः शमीधान्ये शुकधान्ये यवादयः । तृणधान्यानि नीवाराः शूर्पं प्रस्फोटनं स्मृतं ।। ३६६.
Māṣa and similar are pulse grains; śamī grains, barley and the like are coarse grains. Wild grains are nīvāra; the winnowing basket is called the separator.
स्यूतप्रसेवौ कण्डोलपिटौ कटकिनिञ्जकौ । समानौ रसवत्यान्तु पाकस्थानमहानसे ।। ३६६.
Syūta and praseva are ladles; kaṇḍola and piṭa are scoops; kaṭaki and niñjaka are similar. Rasavatī is the sauce; the place of cooking is the kitchen.
पौरोगवस्तदध्यक्षः सूपकारास्तु वल्लवाः । आरालिका आन्धसिकाः सूदा औदनिका गुणाः ।। ३६६.
The supervisor is the chief officer; the cooks are the cowherds. Ārālika, āndhasika, sūda, audanika are types of cooks.
क्लीवेऽग्वरीषं भ्राष्टो ना कर्कर्य्यालुर्गलन्तिका । आलिञ्जरः स्यान्मणिकं सुषवी कृष्णजीरके ।। ३६६.
The eunuch is called agvarīṣa; roasted grain is bhrāṣṭa; karkarya is not, nor galantikā. Āliñjara is a kind of gem; suṣavī is black cumin.
आरनालस्तु कुल्माषं वाह्लीकं हिङ्गु रामठं । निशा हरिद्रा पीता स्त्री खण्डे मत्स्यण्डिफाणिते ।। ३६६.
Āranāla is fermented rice; kulmāṣa is boiled pulse; vāhlīka is asafoetida; rāmaṭha is a kind of spice. Niśā is turmeric; pītā is yellow; strī is female; khaṇḍa is a piece; matsyaṇḍi is a kind of sweet.
कूर्चिका क्षीरविकृतिः स्निग्धं मसृणचिक्कणं । पृथुकः स्याच्चिपिटको धाना भ्रष्टयवास्त्रियः ।। ३६६.
Kūrcikā is a milk product; snigdha is oily; masṛṇa is smooth and slippery. Pṛthuka is flattened rice; cipiṭaka is pressed grain; dhānā are roasted barley grains for women.
जेमनं लेप आहारो माहेयी सौरभी च गौः । युगादीनाञ्च वोढारो युग्यप्रासङ्ग्यशाटकाः ।। ३६६.
Jemana is a paste; lepa is food; māheyī is a cow of the Māhī region; saurabhī is a fragrant cow. The bearers of yokes at the beginning of the yuga are those who drive yoked animals.
चिरसूता वष्कयणी धेनुः स्यान्नवसूतिका । सन्धिनी वृषभाक्रान्ता वेहद्गर्भोपघातिनी ।। ३६६.
Cirasūtā is a cow that calves late; vaṣkayaṇī is a cow; dhenu is a milch cow; navasūtikā is a newly calved cow. Sandhinī is one that joins; vṛṣabhākrāntā is covered by a bull; vehadgarbhopaghātinī is one whose pregnancy is interrupted.
पण्याजीवो ह्यापणिको न्यासश्चोपनिधिः पुमान् । विपणो विक्रयः सङ्ख्या सङ्ख्येये ह्यादश त्रिषु ।। ३६६.
One who lives by trade is a merchant; a shopkeeper is āpaṇika; deposit and trust are upanidhi and nyāsa. Vipaṇa is sale; saṅkhyā is number; in counting, the numbers are up to eleven in three ways.
विंशत्याद्याः सदैकत्वे सर्व्वाः संख्येयसंख्ययोः । संख्यार्थे द्विबहुत्वे स्तस्तासु चानवतेः स्त्रियः ।। ३६६.
From twenty onwards, all numbers in the dual and plural are counted as such. In the sense of number, the dual and plural are used; for numbers up to ninety-nine, the feminine form is used.
पङ्क्तेः शतसहस्रादि क्रममाद्दशगुणोत्तरं । मानन्तुलाङ्गुलिप्रस्थैर्गुञ्जाः पञ्चाद्यमाषकः ।। ३६६.
From a row, the sequence is hundred, thousand, and so on, each ten times the previous. In measures: māna, tulā, aṅguli, prastha, guñjā; from five onwards is māṣaka.
ते षोड़शाक्षः कर्षोऽस्त्री पलं कर्षचतुष्टयम् । सुवर्णविस्तौ हेम्नोऽक्षे कुरुविस्तस्तु तत्पले ।। ३६६.
Sixteen guñjās make one karṣa, which is feminine; four karṣas make one pala. The suvarṇa weight is for gold; the akṣa is for dice; the kuru weight is for that pala.
तला स्त्रियां पलशतं भारः स्याद्विंशतिस्तुलाः । कार्षापणः कार्षिकः स्यात् कार्षिके ताम्रिके पणः ।। ३६६.
A hundred palas make a bhāra in the feminine; twenty tulās make a load. Kārṣāpaṇa is a coin; kārṣika is a weight; in kārṣika, the copper coin is called paṇa.
द्रव्यं वित्तं स्वापतेयं रिक्थमृक्थं धनं वसु । रीतिः स्त्रियामारकूटो न स्त्रियामथ ताम्रकम् ।। ३६६.
Dravya, vitta, svāpateya, riktha, mṛktha, dhana, vasu all mean wealth. Rīti is feminine; ārakūṭa is not feminine; then tāmraka is copper.
शुल्वमौदुम्बरं लौहे तीक्ष्णं कालायसायसी । क्षारं काचोऽथ चपलो रसः सूतश्च पारदे ।। ३६६.
Śulva is silver; audumbara is made of fig wood; iron is tīkṣṇa; kālāyasa is steel. Kṣāra is alkali; kāca is glass; capala is quicksilver; sūta is mercury.
गरलं माहिषं श्रृङ्गं त्रपुसीसकपिच्चटं । हिण्डीरोऽब्धिकफः फेणो मधूच्छिष्टन्तु सिक्थकम् ।। ३६६.
Poison, buffalo horn, lead, tin, monkey dung, indigo, sea foam, spittle, and the residue of honey are called sikthaka.
रङ्गवङ्गे पिचुस्थूलो कूलटी तु मनःशिला । यवक्षारश्च पाक्यः स्यात् त्वक्क्षीरा वंशलोचना ।। ३६६.
Rangavanga is a large lump of pitch; kulatī is realgar; yavakshara is a substance suitable for cooking; tvakkshira is bamboo manna.
वृषला जघन्यजाः शूद्राश्चाण्डालान्त्याश्च शङ्कराः । कारुः शिल्पी संहतैस्तैर्द्वयोः श्रेणिः सजातिभिः ।। ३६६.
Outcastes, those born of the lowest women, Shudras, Chandalas, and the lowest of the low are called shankaras; a craftsman or artisan is called kāru, and when joined together, two form a guild of their own kind.
रङ्गाजीवश्चित्रकरस्त्वष्टा तक्षा च वर्धकिः । नाडिन्धमः स्वर्णकारो नापितान्तावसायिनः ।। ३६६.
A painter is called rangajīva, a picture-maker is citrakara, a smith is tvashṭā, a carpenter is takṣā or vardhaki; a pipe-maker is nāḍindhama, a goldsmith is svarṇakāra, a barber is nāpita, and a corpse-bearer is antāvasāyin.
जावालः स्यादजाजीवो देवाजीवस्तु देवलः । जायाजीवास्तु शैलूषा भृतको भृतिभुक्तथा ।। ३६६.
A fire-worshipper is jāvāla, a goat-herder is ajājīva, a divine herder is deva-jīva or devala; actors are jāyājīva or shailūṣa, and a hired servant is called bhṛtaka or bhṛtibhuk.
विवर्णः पामरो नीचः प्राकृतश्च पृथग्जनः । विहीनोपसदो जाल्मो भृत्ये दासेरचेटकाः ।। ३६६.
A person of mixed caste, a base man, a lowly one, a commoner, one lacking in proper approach, a rogue, a servant, a slave, or a menial are all so called.
पटुस्तु पेशलो दक्षे मृगयुर्लुब्धकः स्मृतः । चण्डालस्तु दिवाकीर्त्तिः पुस्तं लेप्यादिकर्म्मणि ।। ३६६.
A weaver is called paṭu or peśala; a skilled hunter is known as mṛgayu or lubdhaka; a chandala is called divākīrtti; a book is pusta, and lepyādi refers to work involving pastes.
पञ्चालिका पुत्रिका स्याद्वर्करस्तरुणः पशुः । मञ्जूषा पेटकः पेडा तुल्यसाधारणौ समौ ३६६.
A puppet is called pañcālikā or putrikā; a young animal is varkara or taruṇa paśu; a box is mañjūṣā, a chest is peṭaka, and a crate is peḍā; the last two are similar and commonly used.
अग्निरुवाच सामान्यान्यऽथ वक्ष्यामि नामलिङ्गानि तच्छृणु । सुकृती पुण्यवान् धन्यो महेच्छस्तु महाशयः ।। ३६७.
Agni said: Now I will describe the general names and genders; listen to this. A virtuous man, one who is meritorious, fortunate, greatly desirous, and magnanimous.
प्रवीणनिपुणाभिज्ञविज्ञविज्ञनिष्णातशिक्षिताः । स्युर्वदान्यस्थूललक्षदानशौण्डा बहुप्रदे ।। ३६७.
One who is skilled, expert, learned, wise, thoroughly trained, generous, and renowned for giving large gifts, and who gives much.
कृती कृतज्ञः कुशल आसक्तोद्युक्त उत्सुकः । इभ्य आढ्यः परिवृढो ह्यधिभूर्नायकोऽधिपः ।। ३६७.
One who is accomplished, grateful, capable, attached, diligent, eager, wealthy, prosperous, greatly increased, a leader, or a chief.
लक्ष्मीवान् लक्ष्मणः श्रीलः स्वतन्त्रः स्वैर्य्यऽपावृतः । खलपूः स्याद्धहुकरो दीर्घसूत्रश्चिरक्रियः ।। ३६७.
One who is fortunate, marked by auspicious signs, endowed with wealth, independent, unrestrained in freedom; a braggart, a loud shouter, one who is slow to act or procrastinates.