Agni Purana

वुक्काऽग्रमांसं हृदयं हृन्मेदस्तु वपा वसा । पश्चाद्ग्रीवा शिरा मन्या नाडी तु धमनिः शिरा ।। ३६४.

The tip of the tongue is vukkā; the front flesh is agrāmāṃsa; the heart is hṛdaya; the fat around the heart is hṛnmeda; the omentum is vapā; fat is vasā. The back of the neck is paścādgrīvā; veins are śirā; arteries are manyā; a vessel is nāḍī; an artery is dhamani; a vein is śirā.

तिलकं क्लोम मस्तिष्कं दूषिका नेत्रयोर्मलम् । अन्त्रं पुरी तद्‌गुल्मस्तु प्लीहा पुंस्यऽथ वस्नसा ।। ३६४.

A spot is tilaka; the pancreas is kloma; the brain is mastiṣka; discharge from the eyes is dūṣikā; impurity in the eyes is malam. The intestine is antra; the rectum is purī; a tumor is gulma; the spleen is plīhā; the testicle is puṃsya; and the vas deferens is vasnasā.

स्नायुः स्रियां कालखण्डयकृती तु ऽसमे इमे । स्यात् कर्पूरः कपालोऽस्त्री कीकसङ्कुल्यमस्थि च ।। ३६४.

A tendon is snāyu; in women it is called sriyā; a segment of time is kālakhaṇḍa; the maker of marrow is yakṛt. Camphor is karpūra; the skull is kapāla; in women, the skull is astrī; the cartilage is kīka; a joint mass is saṅkuli; and bone is asthi.

स्याच्छरीरास्थिन कङ्कालः पृष्ठास्थिन तु कशेरुका । शिरोऽल्थनि करोटिः स्त्री पार्श्वास्थनि तु पर्शुका ।। ३६४.

The skeleton is kaṅkāla of the body; the vertebra is kaśerukā of the back bone; the skull is karoṭi of the head; in women, the side bone is parśukā.

अङ्गं प्रतीकोऽवयवः शरीरं वर्ष्म विग्रहः । कटो ना श्रोणिफलकं कटिः श्रोणिः ककुद्मती ।। ३६४.

A limb is aṅga; a part is pratīka; a member is avayava; the body is śarīra, varṣman, or vigraha. The hip bone is kaṭa; the pelvic plate is śroṇiphalaka; the waist is kaṭi; the hip is śroṇi; and the one with a hump is kakudmatī.

पश्चान्नितम्वः स्त्रीकट्याः क्लीवे तु जघनं पुरः । कूपकौ तु नितम्बस्थौ द्वयहीने ककुन्दरे ।। ३६४.

The buttocks behind are nitamba in women; in a eunuch, the buttocks are called jaghana in front. The two depressions at the sides of the hips are kūpaka; when both are absent, it is kakundara.

स्त्रियां स्पिचौ कटिप्रोथावुपस्थो वक्ष्यमाणयोः । भगं योनिर्द्वयोः शिश्नो मेढ्रो मेहनशेफसी ।। ३६४.

In women, the two projections of the hip are spica and kaṭiprotha; the perineum is upastha, which will be described. The vulva is bhaga or yoni; in men, the penis is śiśna, meḍhra, or mehanaśephasa.

पिचिण्डकुक्षी जठरोदरं तुन्दं कुचौ स्तनौ । चूचुकन्तु कुचाग्रं स्यान्न ना क्रोडं भुजान्तरम् ।। ३६४.२೦ ।। स्कन्धो भुजशिरोंऽशोऽस्त्री सन्धी तस्यैव जत्रुणी । पुनर्भवः कररुहो नखोऽस्त्री नखरोऽस्त्रियां ।। ३६४.

A child with a swollen belly is piciṇḍakukṣī; a distended abdomen is jaṭharodara; the belly is tunda; the breasts are kuca or stana; the nipple is kucāgra. The armpit is not called kroḍa but bhujāntara. The shoulder is skandha; the upper arm is bhujaśira; in women, the joint is sandhi; the collarbone is jatruṇī. The cuticle is punarbhava; the nail is kararuha; in women, the nail is nakhara.

प्रादेशतालगोकर्णास्तर्जन्यादियुते तते । अङ्गुष्ठे सकनिष्ठो स्याद्वितस्तिर्द्वादशाङ्गुलः ।। ३६४.

The palm, sole, and ear are prādeśa, tāla, and gokarṇa. The index finger and others are called tatas. The thumb with the little finger is sakaniṣṭha. A span is vitasti, measuring twelve aṅgulas.

पाणौ चपेटप्रतलप्रहस्ता विस्तृताङ्गुलौ । बद्धमुष्टिकरो रत्निररत्निः स कनिष्ठवान् ।। ३६४.

The palm is pāṇi; the flat of the hand is capeṭa or pratalaprahasta; the hand with spread fingers is vistṛtāṅgula. A fist is baddhamuṣṭi; the hand is kara. A finger's breadth is ratni; a cubit is aratni; with the little finger it is sakaniṣṭhavān.

कम्बुग्रीवा त्रिरेखा साऽवटुर्घाटा कृकाटिका । अधः स्याच्चिवुकञ्चौष्ठादथ गण्डौ गलो हनुः ।। ३६४.

A neck with three folds is kambugrīvā; the hollow at the throat is avaṭu or ghāṭa; the side of the neck is kṛkāṭikā. Below are the chin and lower lip; then the cheeks, the throat, and the jaw.

अपाङ्गौ नेत्रयोरन्तौ कटाक्षोऽपाङ्गदर्शने । चिकुरः कुन्तलो बालः प्रतिकर्म प्रसाधनम् ।। ३६४.

The outer corners of the eyes are apāṅga; the inner corners are antāḥ. A sidelong glance is kaṭākṣa or apāṅgadarśana. The hair is cikura or kuntala; a young boy is bāla; adornment is pratikarma or prasādhanam.

आकल्पवेशौ नेपथ्यं प्रत्यक्षं खेलयोगजम् । चूड़ामणिः शिरोरत्नं तरलो हारमध्यगः ।। ३६४.

Ornamentation and dress are ākalpa and veśa; stage costume is nepathya; what is visible is pratyakṣa; what is for play is khelayoga. The crest-jewel is cūḍāmaṇi; the head ornament is śiroratna; a loose necklace is tarala; a central necklace is hāramadhyaga.

कर्णिका तालपत्रं स्याल्लम्बनं स्याल्ललन्तिका । मञ्जीरो नूपुरं पादे किङ्गिणी क्षुद्रघण्टिका ।। ३६४.

The central part is the petal; the palm-leaf is the leaf; the pendant is the hanging ornament; the forehead ornament is the frontal band. The anklet is worn on the foot, and the small bell is the tiny metallic bell.

दैर्घ्यमायाम आरोहः परिणाहो विशालता । पटच्चरं जीर्णवस्त्रं संव्यानञ्चोत्तरीयकम् ।। ३६४.

Length, breadth, height, circumference, and spaciousness; the cloth fringe, worn-out garment, upper covering, and shoulder cloth.

रचना स्यात् परिस्पन्द आभोगः परिपूर्णता । समुद्‌गकः सम्पुटकः प्रतिग्राहः पतद्ग्रहः ।। ३६४.

Arrangement is the structure; movement is the vibration; encircling is the enfolding; fullness is the completeness. The casket, the box, the receiving vessel, and the catching vessel.

अग्निरुवाच वंशोऽन्ववायो गोत्रं स्यात् कुलान्यभिजनान्वयौ । मन्त्रव्याख्याकृदाचार्य्य आदेष्ट त्वध्वरे व्रती ।। ३६५.

Agni said: Lineage is the family line; gotra is the ancestral clan; families and noble lineages are the lines of descent. The one who explains the mantra is the teacher, and the one who instructs in the ritual is the preceptor; the vow-holder is the initiate.

यष्टा च यजमानः स्यात् ज्ञात्वारम्भ उपक्रमः । सतीर्थ्याश्चैकगुरवः सभ्याः सामाजिकास्तथा ।। ३६५.

The sacrificer is the yajamāna; knowing the beginning is the commencement. Those who studied together under one teacher are co-disciples; the assembly members and the participants likewise.

सभासदः सभास्तारा ऋत्विजो याजकाश्च ते । अद्वर्थूद्‌गातृहोतारो यजुःसामर्ग्विदः क्रमात् ।। ३६५.

The members of the assembly, the stars of the assembly, the officiating priests, and the sacrificers; the Udgātṛ, Hotṛ, and those who know the Yajur and Sāma Vedas, in order.

चषालो यूपकटकः समे स्थण्डिलचत्वरे । आमिक्षा सा श्रृतोष्णे या क्षईरे स्याद्दधियोगतः ।। ३६५.

The ladle, the sacrificial post, the even ground, and the quadrangle; the clarified butter that is heated, that which is mixed with milk, and that which is mixed with curd.

पृषदाज्यं सदध्याज्ये परमान्नन्तु पायसम् । उपाकृतः पशुरसौ योऽभिमन्त्र्य क्रतौ हतः ।। ३६५.

The mixture of curds and ghee, the best rice dish is the sweet rice pudding; the animal prepared for sacrifice, which is consecrated and slain in the ritual.

परम्पराकं समनं प्रोक्षणञ्च बवार्थकम् । पूजा नमस्याऽपचितिः सपर्य्यार्चार्हणाः समाः ।। ३६५.

The sequence, the accompaniment, the sprinkling, and the act for the sake of the deity; worship, salutation, reverence, service, honoring, and offering are all the same.

वरिवस्या तु शुश्रूषा परिचर्य्याप्युपासनम् । नियमो व्रतमस्त्री तच्चोपवासादि पुण्यकम् ।। ३६५.

Attendance is service, care is also worship; observance is the vow, and that includes fasting and other meritorious acts.

मुख्यः स्यात् प्रथमः कल्पोऽनुकल्पस्तु ततोऽधमः । कल्पे विधिक्रमौ ज्ञेयौ विवेकः पृथगात्मता ।। ३६५.

The main is the primary procedure; the secondary is inferior. In the procedure, the order of rules should be known, as well as discernment and distinctness of nature.

संस्कारपूर्वं ग्रहणं स्यादुपाकरणं श्रुतेः । भिक्षुः परिव्राट् कर्मन्दो पाराशर्य्यपि मस्करी ।। ३६५.

Receiving with prior consecration is the preparation according to scripture. The mendicant, the wandering ascetic, the one who acts, the disciple of Vyāsa, and the one with a staff.

ऋषयः सत्यवचसः स्नातकश्चाप्लुतब्रती । ये निर्जितेन्द्रियग्रामा यतिनो यतयश्च ते ।। ३६५.

The sages are truthful in speech; the graduate and the one observing the unbroken vow; those who have conquered the senses are ascetics, and so are the self-restrained ones.

शरीरसाधनापेक्षं नित्यं यत् कर्म्म तद्यमः । नियमस्तु स यत् कर्म्मानित्यमागन्तुसाधनम् ३६५.

The act that is always required for the maintenance of the body is restraint; but that which is not always required, performed for a specific purpose, is observance.

अग्निरुवाच मूर्द्धाभिषिक्तो राजन्यो बाहुजः क्षत्रियो विराट् । राजा तु प्रणताशेपसामन्तः । स्यादधीश्वरः ।। ३६६.

Agni said: The one anointed on the head is the royal; the kṣatriya is born of the arms, the mighty one. The king is the lord of subjects, the overlord of vassals, and the ruler of the land.

चक्रवर्त्ती सार्वभौमो नृपोऽन्यो मण्डलेश्वरः । मन्त्री धीसचिवोऽमात्यो महामात्राः प्रधानकाः ।। ३६६.

The universal emperor is the sovereign of all; another king is the lord of a region. The minister, the wise counselor, the chief officer, and the principal officials.