Agni Purana

यस्माद्यतस्तसिलि च यत्र तत्र त्रलीरितं । अस्मिन् काले ह्यधुना स्यादिदानीञ्चैव दान्यपि ।। ३५६.

Yasmād and yatatasili indicate origin; yatra and tatra are expressed by tralī. Asmin kāle means 'at this time', adhunā means 'now', and idānīṃ and dānya also denote the present.

सर्वस्मिन् सर्व्वदा दा स्यात्तस्मिन्काले र्हिलीरितं । तर्हि होऽस्भिन् काल इह कर्हि सस्मिंश्च कालके ।। ३५६.

Sarvasmin means 'in all', sarvvadā means 'always', dā denotes 'in that time', rhilī expresses 'at that time'. Tarhi means 'then', ho means 'now', abhin kāla means 'at this time', iha means 'here', karhi means 'when', sasmiṃ means 'in that time', kālake means 'in time'.

यथा थालि थमि कथं पूर्व्वस्यान्दिशि सञ्चयेत् । अस्ताति चैव पूर्व्वस्याः पूर्व्वादिग्रामणीयकाः ।। ३५६.

Just as thāli and thami denote 'how', one should use them for the previous direction. Astāti and pūrvvasyāḥ refer to the previous, and pūrvvādigrāmaṇīya means 'chief of the earlier'.

पुरस्तात् सञ्चरेद् गच्छेत् सद्यस्तुल्येऽहनीरितं । उतिपूर्व्वाब्दे च परुत् पूर्व्वतरे परार्य्यपि ।। ३५६.

Purastāt means 'in front', sañcared means 'should proceed', gacchet means 'should go', sadyas means 'immediately', tulye means 'equal', ahanīrita means 'on the same day'. Utipūrvvābde means 'in the previous year', parut means 'earlier', pūrvvatare means 'more previous', parārya means 'other'.

ऐषमोऽस्मिन् संवत्सरे रूपं समसि चेरितं । एद्यवौ परेद्यवि स्यात् परस्मिन्नहनीरितं ।। ३५६.

Aiṣama means 'in this year', samasi denotes the form, cerita means 'narrated'. Edyavau and paredyavi mean 'on the next day', parasminnahanīrita means 'on another day'.

अद्यास्मिन्नहनि द्ये स्यात् पूर्व्वेद्युश्च तथैद्युसि । दक्षिणस्यान्दिशि वसेत् दक्षिणाद्दक्षइणा द्युभौ ।। ३५६.

Adyāsminnahani means 'today', dye means 'on this day', pūrvvedyu means 'on the previous day', tathaidyusi means 'on such a day'. Dakṣiṇasyāndiśi means 'in the southern direction', vaset means 'should dwell', dakṣiṇād means 'from the south', dakṣaiṇā means 'southern', dyubhau means 'both days'.

उत्तरस्यान्दिशि वसेदुत्तरादुत्तराद्युभौ । उपरि वसैदुपरिष्टाद् भवेद्रिष्टाति ऊद्‌र्ध्वकात् ।। ३५६.

Uttarasyāndiśi means 'in the northern direction', vased means 'should dwell', uttarād means 'from the north', uttarādyubhau means 'northern', upari means 'above', vasaidupariṣṭād means 'should dwell above', bhaved means 'should be', riṣṭāti means 'on top', ūd‌rdhvakāt means 'from above'.

उत्तरेण च पित्रोक्तं आचि च स्याच्च दक्षिणा । आहौ दक्षिणाहि वसेद् द्विप्रकारं द्विधा च धा ।। ३५६.

Uttareṇa means 'by the north', pitroktaṃ means 'as said by the father', āci means 'towards', dakṣiṇā means 'south'. Āhau means 'towards the south', dakṣiṇāhi means 'by the south', vased means 'should dwell', dviprakāra means 'twofold', dvidhā means 'in two ways', dhā means 'to place'.

निपातास्तद्धिताः प्रोक्ताः तद्वितो भाववाचकः । पटोर्भावः पटुत्वन्त्वे पटुता तलि चेरितं ।। ३५६.

Nipātas and taddhitas have been described; tadvita means 'expressing a state'. Paṭorbhāva means 'the state of paṭu', paṭutva means 'paṭu-ness', paṭutā means 'being paṭu', tali denotes narration.

प्रथिमा चेमनि पृथोः सौख्यं सुखात् ष्यञीरितम् । स्तेयं यति च स्येनस्य ये सख्युः सख्यमीरितं ।। ३५६.

The image here is of Prithu; happiness is declared from delight. Theft is that of the ascetic, and friendship is spoken of as that of the companion.

कपेर्भावश्च कापेयं सैन्यं पथ्यं यकीरितं । आश्वं कौमारकं चाणि रूपं चाणि च यौवनम् ३५६.

The nature of the monkey is called 'Kāpeya'; the army is called 'Pathya'. The horse is 'Kaumāra', and the form and youth are both 'Cāṇi'.

कुमार उवाच उणादयोऽभिधास्यन्ते प्रत्यया धातुतः परे । उणि कारुश्च शिल्पी स्यात् जायुर्म्मायुश्च पित्तकं ।। ३५७.

Kumāra spoke: The 'uṇa' suffixes will be explained, which are derived from roots. 'Uṇi' means artisan, 'Kāru' is a craftsman, 'Jāyu' is life, and 'Māyu' is bile.

गोमायुर्वायुर्वेदेषु बहुलं स्युरुणादयः । आयुः स्वादुश्च हेत्वाद्याः किंशारुर्धान्यशूककः ।। ३५७.

In the Vedas, 'gomāyu' and 'vāyu' are frequent 'uṇa' derivatives. 'Āyu' is life, 'svādu' is sweet, and 'hetvādi' are causes; 'kiṃśāru' is grain husk.

कृकवाकुः कुक्कुटः स्याद् गुरुर्भर्त्ता मरुस्तथा । शयुश्चाजगरो ज्ञेयः स हरायुधमुच्यते ।। ३५७.

'Kṛkavāku' is the rooster, 'kukkuṭa' is also the rooster; 'guru' is teacher, 'bharttā' is husband, and 'maru' is desert. 'Śayu' is python, and he is known as the bearer of Shiva's weapon.

स्वरुद्‌र्वज्रं त्रपुरुसि समसारं फल्गुरीरितं । गृध्रश्च क्रनि किरचि मन्दिरं तिमिरं तमः ।। ३५७.

'Svarud' is thunderbolt, 'vajra' is also thunderbolt; 'trapurusi' is copper and iron, 'samasāra' is union, 'phalgur' is declared as weak. 'Gṛdhra' is vulture, 'krani' is crow, 'kiraci' is pigeon, 'mandira' is dwelling, 'timira' is darkness, 'tamaḥ' is gloom.

इलचि सलिलं वारि कल्याणं भण्डिलं स्मृतं । बुवो विद्वान् क्कसौ स्याच्च शिविरं गुप्तसंस्थितिः ।। ३५७.

'Ilaci' is water, 'salila' is also water, 'vāri' is water, 'kalyāṇa' is auspicious, 'bhaṇḍila' is remembered as auspicious. 'Buvo' is scholar, 'kkasau' is also so, and 'śivira' is secret abode.

ओतुर्विडालश्च तुनि अभिधानादुगादयः । कर्णः कामी च गृहभूर्वास्तुर्जैवातृकः स्मृतः ।। ३५७.

'Otur' is cat, 'viḍāla' is also cat, 'tuni' is a name from the 'uga' suffixes. 'Karṇa' is ear, 'kāmī' is lover, 'gṛhabhū' is householder, 'vāstu' is architect, 'jaivātṛka' is remembered as such.

कम्बोजो भाजनम्भाण्डं सरण्डश्च चतुष्पदः । तरुरेरण्डः सङ्घातो वरूड़ः साम निर्भरं ।। ३५७.

'Kamboja' is vessel, 'bhājana' is also vessel, 'saraṇḍa' is quadruped. 'Tarur' is castor tree, 'eraṇḍa' is also castor, 'saṅghāta' is group, 'varūra' is Sama, 'nirbhara' is abundance.

स्फारं प्रभूतं स्यान्नान्तप्रत्यये चीरवल्कलं । कातरो भीरुरुग्रस्तु प्रचण्डो जवसं तृणं ।। ३५७.

'Sphāra' is abundant, 'prabhūta' is also abundant; in the negative, 'cīravalkala' is bark garment. 'Kātara' is timid, 'bhīru' is fearful, 'ugra' is fierce, 'pracaṇḍa' is intense, 'java' is speed, 'tṛṇa' is grass.

जगच्चैव तु भूर्लोको कृशानुर्ज्योतिरर्क्ककः । वर्व्वरः कुटिलो धूर्त्तश्चत्वरञ्च चतुष्पथं ।। ३५७.

'Jagat' is the world, 'bhūrloka' is the earth realm, 'kṛśānu' is fire, 'jyoti' is light, 'arkka' is sun. 'Varvvara' is crooked, 'kuṭila' is also crooked, 'dhūrtta' is rogue, 'catvara' is crossroads, 'catuṣpatha' is four-way junction.

चीवरं भिक्षुप्रावृत्तिरादित्यो मित्र ईरितः । पुत्रः सूनुः पिता तातः पृदाकुर्य्याघ्रवृश्चिके ३५७.

'Cīvara' is monk's robe, 'bhikṣuprāvṛtti' is also monk's robe, 'āditya' is the sun, 'mitra' is friend. 'Putra' is son, 'sūnu' is also son, 'pitā' is father, 'tāta' is also father, 'pṛdā' is wolf, 'kuryya' is dog, 'aghra' is snake, 'vṛścika' is scorpion.

कुमार उवाच तिङ्‌विभक्तिं प्रवक्ष्यामि तथादेशं समासतः । तिङस्त्रिष्वपि वर्त्तन्ते भावे कर्म्मणि कर्त्तरि ।। ३५८.

Kumāra spoke: I will explain the verb inflections and their meanings in brief. The verb forms occur in three ways: in the sense of state, object, and agent.

सकर्म्मकाकर्म्मकाच्च कर्त्तरि द्विपदे स्मृताः । सकर्म्मकाकर्म्मणि च तदादेशस्तथेरितः ।। ३५८.

With and without objects, in the agent, they are remembered as dual forms. With and without objects, the meanings are declared accordingly.

वर्त्तमाने लडाख्यातो विध्याद्यर्थे लिङीरितः । विध्यादौ लोडाशिषि च भूतानद्यतने च लङ् ।। ३५८.

In the present, the 'laṭ' form is used; for imperative and optative meanings, 'liṅ' is declared. For imperative and benedictive, 'loṭ' and 'āśiṣ' are used; for past and recent past, 'laṅ' is used.

भूते लुङ् लिट् परोक्षेऽथ भाविन्यद्यतने च लुट् । लिङाशिषि च शेषेऽर्थे लृड् भविष्यति लृङ्‌भवेत् ।। ३५८.

For the past, 'luṅ' and 'liṭ' are used; for remote past, and for future and recent future, 'luṭ' is used. For optative and benedictive in the remaining senses, 'lṛṭ' is used; for future, 'lṛṅ' is employed.

लिङ्निमित्ते क्रियातिपत्तौ परे नवात्मनेपदम् । पूर्व्वं न परस्मैपदन्तिप्तसन्तीति प्रथमः पुमान् ।। ३५८.

When the optative is used for intention or action, the endings are of the 'ātmanepada'. Previously, not in the 'parasmaipada', the first person singular is primary.

सिप्थस्थ मध्यमनरो मिप्वस्मस्चोत्तमः पुमान् । त आतां अन्तात्मने मुख्यः थासाथां ध्वञ्च मध्यमः ।। ३५८.

'Sip', 'thas', 'tha' are the middle person endings; 'mip', 'vas', 'mas' are the first person endings. 'Ta', 'ātām', 'anta' are the main 'ātmanepada' endings; 'thā', 'sā', 'thām', 'dhva' are the middle person endings.

उत्तम इ वहि महि भूवाद्या धातवः स्मृताः । भुविरेधिः पचिर्नन्दिर्ध्वंसिः श्रंसिः पदिस्त्वदिः ।। ३५८.

The elements beginning with earth are considered the highest; in the bhuvi class are edhi, pacir, nandir, dhvamsi, shramsi, padis, and tvadi.

शीङः क्रीड़ो जुहोतिश्च जहातिश्च दधात्यपि । दीव्यतिः स्वपितिर्नहिः सुनोतिर्वसिरेच च ।। ३५८.

Shina, krira, juhoti, jahati, dadhati, divyati, svapiti, nahi, sunoti, and vasira are also included.