Agni Purana

द्विधाख्यातोऽव्ययीभावो नामपूर्वपदो यथा । शाकस्य मात्रा शाकप्रति यथाऽव्ययपूर्व्यकः ।। ३५५.

A compound called 'twofold' is avyayibhava, where the preceding term is a noun; as in 'measure of vegetables', or 'vegetable-related', when the preceding term is an indeclinable.

उपकुम्भञ्चोपरथ्यं प्राधान्येन चतुर्विंधः । उत्तरपदार्थमुख्यो द्वन्द्वश्चोभयमुख्यकः ३५५.

Upakumbha and uparathya are fourfold in principal types; the main meaning is in the subsequent term, and in dvandva compounds, both terms are principal.

स्कन्द उवाच तद्धितं त्रिविधं वक्ष्ये सामान्यवृत्तिरीदृशी । ल व्यंसलो वत्सलः स्यादिलचि स्यात्तू फेनिलं ।। ३५६.

Skanda said: I will explain the threefold taddhita affix; its general usage is as follows: 'la vyaṃsala' means affectionate, and with the 'ilac' affix, 'phenila' means foamy.

लोमशः से पामनो ने इलचि स्यात्तु पिच्छिलं । अणि प्राज्ञ आर्च्चकः स्यात् दन्तादुरचि दन्तुरः ।। ३५६.

'Lomaśa' means hairy, 'pāmano' means not hairy; with the 'ilac' affix, 'picchila' means sticky. With the 'aṇi' affix, 'prājña' means wise, 'ārccaka' means worshipper; with the 'duraci' affix, 'dantura' means having teeth.

रे स्याम्मधुरं सुशिरं रे स्यात् केशर ईदृशः । हिरण्यं ये मालवो वे वलचि स्याद्रजस्वलः ।। ३५६.

With the 're' affix, 'madhura' means sweet, 'suśira' means hollow; with 're', 'keśara' means like a mane. 'Hiraṇya' means gold, 'mālava' means from Malava; with the 'valaci' affix, 'rajasvala' means dusty.

इनो धनो करी हस्ती धनिकं टिकनोरितं । पयस्वी विनि मायावी ऊर्णायुर्युचि ईरितं ।। ३५६.

With the 'ino' affix, 'dhano' means wealthy, 'karī' means elephant; 'dhanika' means rich, 'ṭikanorita' means marked. 'Payasvī' means possessing milk, 'vinimāyāvī' means magician; 'ūrṇāyur' means having wool, 'yuci' means uttered.

वाग्मी मिनि आलचि स्याद्वाचालश्चाटचीरितं । फलिनो वर्हिणः केकी वृन्दारकस्तया कनि ।। ३५६.

'Vāgmī' means eloquent, with the 'mini' affix; with the 'ālaci' affix, 'vācāla' means talkative, 'cāṭacīrita' means flatterer. 'Phalina' means fruit-bearing, 'varhiṇaḥ' means peacock, 'kekī' means peacock, 'vṛndāraka' means belonging to a group, 'kani' means small.

आलुचि शीतन्न सहते शीतालुः श्वालुरीदृशः । हिमालुरालुचि स्याच्च हिमं न सहते तथा ।। ३५६.

With the 'āluci' affix, 'śītanna' means one who cannot bear cold, 'śītālu' means cold-resistant, 'śvālur' means dog-like. 'Himālur' with 'āluci' means one who cannot bear snow, and likewise.

रूपं वातादुलचि स्याद् वातुलश्चानपत्यके । वाशिष्ठः कौरवो वासः पाञ्चालः सोस्य वासकः ।। ३५६.

'Rūpaṃ' with the 'vātādulaci' affix means wind-affected, 'vātula' means windy, 'anapatyake' means without offspring. 'Vāśiṣṭha' means descendant of Vasiṣṭha, 'kaurava' means descendant of Kuru, 'vāsaḥ' means dwelling, 'pāñcāla' means from Panchala, 'vāsaka' means resident.

तत्र वासो माथुरः स्याद्वेत्त्यधीते च चान्द्रकः । व्युत्‌क्रमं वेत्ति क्रमकः नरश्चक्राम कौशकः ।। ३५६.

There, 'vāso' means from Mathura, 'māthura' means Mathuran; 'vetti' means knows, 'adhīte' means studies, 'cāndraka' means lunar. 'Vyutkramaṃ' means deviation, 'kramaka' means stepper; 'nara' means man, 'cakrāma' means moved, 'kauśaka' means from Kosala.

प्रियङ्गूनां भवं क्षेत्रं प्रैयङ्गवीनकं खञि । मौद्‌गीनं सौद्रवीणञ्च वैदेहश्चानपत्यके ।। ३५६.

'Priyaṅgūnāṃ' means of Priyaṅgu, 'bhavaṃ' means origin, 'kṣetraṃ' means field, 'praiyaṅgavīnakaṃ' means belonging to Priyaṅgu, 'khañi' means miner. 'Maudgīnaṃ' means of Mūdgīna, 'saudravīṇa' means of Saudra, 'vaideha' means from Videha, 'anapatyake' means without offspring.

इञि दाक्षिर्दाशरथिः कचि नारायणादिकं । आश्वायनः स्याच्च फञि यचि गार्ग्यश्च वात्सकः ।। ३५६.

Iñi denotes Dakṣa, Dāśarathi, and sometimes Nārāyaṇa and others; Āśvāyana is indicated by pha, and Gārgya by vātsaka.

ढकि स्याद्वैनतेयादिश्चाटकेरस्तथैरकि । ढ्रकि गौधेरको रूपं गौवारश्चारकीरितं ।। ३५६.

Ḍhaki refers to Vainateya and others; Cāṭakera and Airaki are also included. Ḍhraki is for Gaudheraka, and Gauvāra is called Ārakīrita.

क्षत्रियो घे कुलीनः खे ण्ये कौरव्यादयः स्मृताः । यति मूर्द्धन्यमुख्यादिः सुगन्धिरिति रूपकं ।। ३५६.

Kṣatriya is denoted by ghe, and Kulīna by khe; ṇye signifies Kaurava and similar lineages. Yati refers to chief ascetics, and Sugandhi is a form.

तारकादिभ्य इतचि नभस्तारकितादयः । अनङि स्याच्च कुण्डाध्नी पुष्पधन्वसुधनवनी ।। ३५६.

From Tāraka and others, itaci denotes celestial bodies like stars. Anaṅi refers to Kuṇḍa, Dhni, Puṣpadhanu, Sudhanvan, and Vanī.

चञ्चुपि वित्तचञ्चुः स्याद्वित्तमस्य च शब्दके । चणपि स्यात् केशचणः रूपे स्यात् पटरूपकम् ।। ३५६.

Cañcupi means 'wealthy beak', and vittacañcu is a term for wealth. Caṇapi denotes 'hair caṇa', and paṭarūpakam is a form.

ईयसौ च पटीयान् स्यात् तरप्यक्षतरादिकम् । पचतितराञ्च तरपि तमप्यटतितमामपि ।। ३५६.

Īyasau means 'more', and paṭīyān signifies 'most'; tarapyakṣa and similar forms denote increasing degrees. Pacatitarāñ and tarapi, as well as tamapyaṭatitamām, are also used.

मृद्वीतमा कल्पपि स्यादिन्द्रकल्पोऽर्ककल्पकः । राजदेशीयो देशीये देश्ये देश्यादिरूपकम् ।। ३५६.

Mṛdvītamā and kalpapi denote resemblance, such as 'like Indra' or 'like the sun'. Rājadeśīya, deśīya, deśya, and similar forms indicate belonging to a region.

पटुजातीयो जातीये जानुमात्रञ्च मात्रचि । ऊरुद्वयसो द्वयसचि ऊरुदघ्नञ्च दघ्नचि ।। ३५६.

Paṭujātīya means 'of the paṭu caste', jātīya means 'of the caste', jānumātra means 'up to the knee', mātraci denotes measure. Ūrudvayasa means 'of both thighs', dvayasaci means 'of two', ūrudaghna means 'up to the thigh', daghnaci denotes extent.

तयटि स्यात् पञ्चतयः दौवारिकष्ठकीरितं । सामान्यवृत्तिरुक्ताऽअव्याख्यश्च तद्धितः ।। ३५६.

Tayaṭi denotes 'fivefold', pañcataya means 'fivefold', dauvārikaṣṭhakīrita is a term. Sāmānyavṛtti refers to general usage, and avyākhyā is also a taddhita.

यस्माद्यतस्तसिलि च यत्र तत्र त्रलीरितं । अस्मिन् काले ह्यधुना स्यादिदानीञ्चैव दान्यपि ।। ३५६.

Yasmād and yatatasili indicate origin; yatra and tatra are expressed by tralī. Asmin kāle means 'at this time', adhunā means 'now', and idānīṃ and dānya also denote the present.

सर्वस्मिन् सर्व्वदा दा स्यात्तस्मिन्काले र्हिलीरितं । तर्हि होऽस्भिन् काल इह कर्हि सस्मिंश्च कालके ।। ३५६.

Sarvasmin means 'in all', sarvvadā means 'always', dā denotes 'in that time', rhilī expresses 'at that time'. Tarhi means 'then', ho means 'now', abhin kāla means 'at this time', iha means 'here', karhi means 'when', sasmiṃ means 'in that time', kālake means 'in time'.

यथा थालि थमि कथं पूर्व्वस्यान्दिशि सञ्चयेत् । अस्ताति चैव पूर्व्वस्याः पूर्व्वादिग्रामणीयकाः ।। ३५६.

Just as thāli and thami denote 'how', one should use them for the previous direction. Astāti and pūrvvasyāḥ refer to the previous, and pūrvvādigrāmaṇīya means 'chief of the earlier'.

पुरस्तात् सञ्चरेद् गच्छेत् सद्यस्तुल्येऽहनीरितं । उतिपूर्व्वाब्दे च परुत् पूर्व्वतरे परार्य्यपि ।। ३५६.

Purastāt means 'in front', sañcared means 'should proceed', gacchet means 'should go', sadyas means 'immediately', tulye means 'equal', ahanīrita means 'on the same day'. Utipūrvvābde means 'in the previous year', parut means 'earlier', pūrvvatare means 'more previous', parārya means 'other'.

ऐषमोऽस्मिन् संवत्सरे रूपं समसि चेरितं । एद्यवौ परेद्यवि स्यात् परस्मिन्नहनीरितं ।। ३५६.

Aiṣama means 'in this year', samasi denotes the form, cerita means 'narrated'. Edyavau and paredyavi mean 'on the next day', parasminnahanīrita means 'on another day'.

अद्यास्मिन्नहनि द्ये स्यात् पूर्व्वेद्युश्च तथैद्युसि । दक्षिणस्यान्दिशि वसेत् दक्षिणाद्दक्षइणा द्युभौ ।। ३५६.

Adyāsminnahani means 'today', dye means 'on this day', pūrvvedyu means 'on the previous day', tathaidyusi means 'on such a day'. Dakṣiṇasyāndiśi means 'in the southern direction', vaset means 'should dwell', dakṣiṇād means 'from the south', dakṣaiṇā means 'southern', dyubhau means 'both days'.

उत्तरस्यान्दिशि वसेदुत्तरादुत्तराद्युभौ । उपरि वसैदुपरिष्टाद् भवेद्रिष्टाति ऊद्‌र्ध्वकात् ।। ३५६.

Uttarasyāndiśi means 'in the northern direction', vased means 'should dwell', uttarād means 'from the north', uttarādyubhau means 'northern', upari means 'above', vasaidupariṣṭād means 'should dwell above', bhaved means 'should be', riṣṭāti means 'on top', ūd‌rdhvakāt means 'from above'.

उत्तरेण च पित्रोक्तं आचि च स्याच्च दक्षिणा । आहौ दक्षिणाहि वसेद् द्विप्रकारं द्विधा च धा ।। ३५६.

Uttareṇa means 'by the north', pitroktaṃ means 'as said by the father', āci means 'towards', dakṣiṇā means 'south'. Āhau means 'towards the south', dakṣiṇāhi means 'by the south', vased means 'should dwell', dviprakāra means 'twofold', dvidhā means 'in two ways', dhā means 'to place'.

निपातास्तद्धिताः प्रोक्ताः तद्वितो भाववाचकः । पटोर्भावः पटुत्वन्त्वे पटुता तलि चेरितं ।। ३५६.

Nipātas and taddhitas have been described; tadvita means 'expressing a state'. Paṭorbhāva means 'the state of paṭu', paṭutva means 'paṭu-ness', paṭutā means 'being paṭu', tali denotes narration.