Agni Purana

राज्ञः पुमान् राजपुमान् षष्ठी वृक्षफलं तथा । सप्तमी चाक्षशौण्डोऽयमहितो नञ्‌समासकः ।। ३५५.

The king's man, the royal man, the sixth case; the fruit of the tree likewise; the seventh case is 'ākṣaśauṇḍa,' and 'amahita' is a negative compound.

कर्मधारयः सप्तधा नीलोत्पलमुखाः स्मृताः । विशेषणपूर्व्वपदो विशेष्योत्तरतस्तथा ।। ३५५.

The karmadhāraya compound is of seven kinds, such as 'blue lotus-faced'; the qualifying word comes first, the qualified word follows.

वैयाकरणखसूचिः शीतोष्णं द्विपदं शुभम् । उपमानपूर्वपदः शङ्खपाण्डर इत्यपि ।। ३५५.

The grammarian's nail-needle, 'cold-heat,' 'two-footed,' 'auspicious'; with a word of comparison preceding, as in 'white as a conch,' and so on.

उपमानोत्तरपदः पुरुषव्याघ्र इत्यपि । सम्भावनापूर्वपदो गुणवृद्धिरितीदृशम् ।। ३५५.

The subsequent term in a simile is 'tiger among men'; likewise, when the preceding term is for estimation, it is called 'increase of qualities' in such cases.

गुण इति वृद्धिर्वाच्या सुहृदेव सुबन्धुकः । सवधारणपूर्वपदो बहुव्रीहिश्च सप्तधा ।। ३५५.

The increase of qualities is to be spoken of, as in 'friend' or 'close companion'; when the preceding term is with specification, the bahuvrihi compound is of seven kinds.

द्विपदश्च बहुव्रीहिरारूढ़भवनो नरः । अर्च्चिताशेषपूर्व्वोऽयं बह्वङ्‌घ्रिः परिकीर्त्तितः ।। ३५५.

A bahuvrihi compound can be two-footed, as in 'man who has ascended the house'; when the preceding term is 'honored by all', it is called 'having many limbs'.

एते विप्राश्चोपदशाः सङ्‌ख्योत्तरपदस्त्वयम् । सङ्‌ख्योभयपदो यद्वद्‌द्वित्रा द्व्येकत्रयो नरः ।। ३५५.

These, O Brahmins, are subordinate compounds; this is a compound with a numerical subsequent term; as in 'two', 'three', or 'one', referring to men.

सहपूर्षपदोऽयं स्यात् समूलोद्‌धृतकस्तरुः । व्यतिहारलक्षणार्थः केशाकेशि नखानखि ।। ३५५.

This is a compound with a preceding term of 'together', as in 'tree uprooted with its roots'; for the meaning characterized by reversal, as in 'hair-hair', 'nail-nail'.

दिग्लक्ष्या स्याद्दक्षिणपूर्व्वा द्विगुराभाषितो द्विधा । एकवद्भावि द्विश्रृङ्गं पञ्चमूली त्वनेकधा ।। ३५५.

A compound indicating direction is 'east-south'; a compound spoken with twofold repetition is 'two-horned', 'five-rooted', and likewise, 'many'.

द्वन्द्वः समासो द्विविखधो हीतरेतरयोगकः । रुद्रविष्णू समाहारो भेरीपटहमीदृशम् ।। ३५५.

A dvandva compound is a dual compound, formed by mutual connection; as in 'Rudra and Vishnu', or the combination of 'drum and kettle-drum', such is its form.

द्विधाख्यातोऽव्ययीभावो नामपूर्वपदो यथा । शाकस्य मात्रा शाकप्रति यथाऽव्ययपूर्व्यकः ।। ३५५.

A compound called 'twofold' is avyayibhava, where the preceding term is a noun; as in 'measure of vegetables', or 'vegetable-related', when the preceding term is an indeclinable.

उपकुम्भञ्चोपरथ्यं प्राधान्येन चतुर्विंधः । उत्तरपदार्थमुख्यो द्वन्द्वश्चोभयमुख्यकः ३५५.

Upakumbha and uparathya are fourfold in principal types; the main meaning is in the subsequent term, and in dvandva compounds, both terms are principal.

स्कन्द उवाच तद्धितं त्रिविधं वक्ष्ये सामान्यवृत्तिरीदृशी । ल व्यंसलो वत्सलः स्यादिलचि स्यात्तू फेनिलं ।। ३५६.

Skanda said: I will explain the threefold taddhita affix; its general usage is as follows: 'la vyaṃsala' means affectionate, and with the 'ilac' affix, 'phenila' means foamy.

लोमशः से पामनो ने इलचि स्यात्तु पिच्छिलं । अणि प्राज्ञ आर्च्चकः स्यात् दन्तादुरचि दन्तुरः ।। ३५६.

'Lomaśa' means hairy, 'pāmano' means not hairy; with the 'ilac' affix, 'picchila' means sticky. With the 'aṇi' affix, 'prājña' means wise, 'ārccaka' means worshipper; with the 'duraci' affix, 'dantura' means having teeth.

रे स्याम्मधुरं सुशिरं रे स्यात् केशर ईदृशः । हिरण्यं ये मालवो वे वलचि स्याद्रजस्वलः ।। ३५६.

With the 're' affix, 'madhura' means sweet, 'suśira' means hollow; with 're', 'keśara' means like a mane. 'Hiraṇya' means gold, 'mālava' means from Malava; with the 'valaci' affix, 'rajasvala' means dusty.

इनो धनो करी हस्ती धनिकं टिकनोरितं । पयस्वी विनि मायावी ऊर्णायुर्युचि ईरितं ।। ३५६.

With the 'ino' affix, 'dhano' means wealthy, 'karī' means elephant; 'dhanika' means rich, 'ṭikanorita' means marked. 'Payasvī' means possessing milk, 'vinimāyāvī' means magician; 'ūrṇāyur' means having wool, 'yuci' means uttered.

वाग्मी मिनि आलचि स्याद्वाचालश्चाटचीरितं । फलिनो वर्हिणः केकी वृन्दारकस्तया कनि ।। ३५६.

'Vāgmī' means eloquent, with the 'mini' affix; with the 'ālaci' affix, 'vācāla' means talkative, 'cāṭacīrita' means flatterer. 'Phalina' means fruit-bearing, 'varhiṇaḥ' means peacock, 'kekī' means peacock, 'vṛndāraka' means belonging to a group, 'kani' means small.

आलुचि शीतन्न सहते शीतालुः श्वालुरीदृशः । हिमालुरालुचि स्याच्च हिमं न सहते तथा ।। ३५६.

With the 'āluci' affix, 'śītanna' means one who cannot bear cold, 'śītālu' means cold-resistant, 'śvālur' means dog-like. 'Himālur' with 'āluci' means one who cannot bear snow, and likewise.

रूपं वातादुलचि स्याद् वातुलश्चानपत्यके । वाशिष्ठः कौरवो वासः पाञ्चालः सोस्य वासकः ।। ३५६.

'Rūpaṃ' with the 'vātādulaci' affix means wind-affected, 'vātula' means windy, 'anapatyake' means without offspring. 'Vāśiṣṭha' means descendant of Vasiṣṭha, 'kaurava' means descendant of Kuru, 'vāsaḥ' means dwelling, 'pāñcāla' means from Panchala, 'vāsaka' means resident.

तत्र वासो माथुरः स्याद्वेत्त्यधीते च चान्द्रकः । व्युत्‌क्रमं वेत्ति क्रमकः नरश्चक्राम कौशकः ।। ३५६.

There, 'vāso' means from Mathura, 'māthura' means Mathuran; 'vetti' means knows, 'adhīte' means studies, 'cāndraka' means lunar. 'Vyutkramaṃ' means deviation, 'kramaka' means stepper; 'nara' means man, 'cakrāma' means moved, 'kauśaka' means from Kosala.

प्रियङ्गूनां भवं क्षेत्रं प्रैयङ्गवीनकं खञि । मौद्‌गीनं सौद्रवीणञ्च वैदेहश्चानपत्यके ।। ३५६.

'Priyaṅgūnāṃ' means of Priyaṅgu, 'bhavaṃ' means origin, 'kṣetraṃ' means field, 'praiyaṅgavīnakaṃ' means belonging to Priyaṅgu, 'khañi' means miner. 'Maudgīnaṃ' means of Mūdgīna, 'saudravīṇa' means of Saudra, 'vaideha' means from Videha, 'anapatyake' means without offspring.

इञि दाक्षिर्दाशरथिः कचि नारायणादिकं । आश्वायनः स्याच्च फञि यचि गार्ग्यश्च वात्सकः ।। ३५६.

Iñi denotes Dakṣa, Dāśarathi, and sometimes Nārāyaṇa and others; Āśvāyana is indicated by pha, and Gārgya by vātsaka.

ढकि स्याद्वैनतेयादिश्चाटकेरस्तथैरकि । ढ्रकि गौधेरको रूपं गौवारश्चारकीरितं ।। ३५६.

Ḍhaki refers to Vainateya and others; Cāṭakera and Airaki are also included. Ḍhraki is for Gaudheraka, and Gauvāra is called Ārakīrita.

क्षत्रियो घे कुलीनः खे ण्ये कौरव्यादयः स्मृताः । यति मूर्द्धन्यमुख्यादिः सुगन्धिरिति रूपकं ।। ३५६.

Kṣatriya is denoted by ghe, and Kulīna by khe; ṇye signifies Kaurava and similar lineages. Yati refers to chief ascetics, and Sugandhi is a form.

तारकादिभ्य इतचि नभस्तारकितादयः । अनङि स्याच्च कुण्डाध्नी पुष्पधन्वसुधनवनी ।। ३५६.

From Tāraka and others, itaci denotes celestial bodies like stars. Anaṅi refers to Kuṇḍa, Dhni, Puṣpadhanu, Sudhanvan, and Vanī.

चञ्चुपि वित्तचञ्चुः स्याद्वित्तमस्य च शब्दके । चणपि स्यात् केशचणः रूपे स्यात् पटरूपकम् ।। ३५६.

Cañcupi means 'wealthy beak', and vittacañcu is a term for wealth. Caṇapi denotes 'hair caṇa', and paṭarūpakam is a form.

ईयसौ च पटीयान् स्यात् तरप्यक्षतरादिकम् । पचतितराञ्च तरपि तमप्यटतितमामपि ।। ३५६.

Īyasau means 'more', and paṭīyān signifies 'most'; tarapyakṣa and similar forms denote increasing degrees. Pacatitarāñ and tarapi, as well as tamapyaṭatitamām, are also used.

मृद्वीतमा कल्पपि स्यादिन्द्रकल्पोऽर्ककल्पकः । राजदेशीयो देशीये देश्ये देश्यादिरूपकम् ।। ३५६.

Mṛdvītamā and kalpapi denote resemblance, such as 'like Indra' or 'like the sun'. Rājadeśīya, deśīya, deśya, and similar forms indicate belonging to a region.

पटुजातीयो जातीये जानुमात्रञ्च मात्रचि । ऊरुद्वयसो द्वयसचि ऊरुदघ्नञ्च दघ्नचि ।। ३५६.

Paṭujātīya means 'of the paṭu caste', jātīya means 'of the caste', jānumātra means 'up to the knee', mātraci denotes measure. Ūrudvayasa means 'of both thighs', dvayasaci means 'of two', ūrudaghna means 'up to the thigh', daghnaci denotes extent.