Agni Purana

पिताऽगात्सह पुत्रेण काणोऽक्ष्णा गदया हरिः । अर्थेन निवसेकद्‌भृत्यः काले भावे च सप्तमी ।। ३५४.

The father went with the son; the one-eyed man with one eye; Hari with a mace; with meaning, for residence, for a servant, for time, and for state, the seventh case is used.

विष्णौ नते भवेन्मुक्तिर्वसन्ते स गतो हरिम् । नृणां स्वामी नृषु स्वामी नृणामीशः सताम्पतिः ।। ३५४.

By bowing to Viṣṇu, liberation is attained; in spring, he went to Hari; the lord of men among men, the lord of men, the ruler, the lord of the virtuous.

नृणां साक्षी नृषु साक्षी गोषु नाथो गवाम्पतिः । गोषु सूतो गवां सूतो राज्ञां दायादकोऽस्विह ।। ३५४.

The witness of men among men, the witness; the lord of cows among cows, the lord of cows; among cows, the charioteer; the charioteer of cows; the inheritor of kings, here.

अन्नस्य१ हेतोर्वसति षष्ठी स्मृत्यर्थकर्मणि । मातुः स्मरति गोप्तारं नित्यं स्यात् कर्तृकर्मणोः ३५४.

For the sake of food, he dwells; the sixth case is used for the sense of memory and action; he remembers the protector of his mother; always, it is for agent and object.

स्कन्ध उवाच षोढ़ा समासं वक्ष्यामि अष्टाविंशातिधा पुनः । नित्यानित्यविभागेन लुगलोपेन च द्विधा ।। ३५५.

Skanda said: I shall now explain the ṣoḍhā-samāsa, again in twenty-eight ways, distinguishing between eternal and non-eternal, and also in two ways by the omission of the word.

कुम्भकारश्च नित्यः स्याद्धेमकारादिकस्तथा । राज्ञः पुमान्‌राजपुमान् नित्योऽयञ्च समासकः ।। ३५५.

The potter is considered eternal, as is the goldsmith and others; the king's man, the royal man, this compound is also eternal.

कष्टश्रितो लुक्‌समासः कण्ठेकालादिकस्त्वलुक् । स्यादष्टधा तत्‌पुरुषः प्रथमाद्यसुपा सह ।। ३५५.

The compound with omission is called 'luk-samāsa,' such as 'kaṣṭaśrita'; in the throat, time, and so on, it is 'valuk'; thus, the tatpuruṣa compound is of eight kinds, with the first case and the suffix 'as.'

प्रथमातत्‌पुरुषोऽयं पूर्व्वं कायस्य विग्रहे । पूर्वकायोऽपरकायो ह्यधरोत्तरकायकः ।। ३५५.

This is the first tatpuruṣa, first in the analysis of the body; the former body, the latter body, and the lower and upper body.

अर्द्धं कणाया अर्द्धकणा भिक्षातुर्य्यमथेदृशम् । आपन्नजीविकस्तद्वत् द्वितीया चाधराश्रितः ।। ३५५.

Half of a particle is called 'half-particle'; likewise, a beggar for alms is so named; similarly, one whose livelihood is attained; the second case is dependent on the lower.

वर्षम्भोग्यो वर्षभोग्यो धान्यार्थश्च तृतीयया । चतुर्थो स्याद्विषणुबलिर्वृकभीतिश्च पञ्चमी ।। ३५५.

One who enjoys the year is 'varṣambhogya' or 'varṣabhogya'; for grain, the third case is used; the fourth is for 'Viṣaṇu-bali,' and the fifth for 'fear of wolves.'

राज्ञः पुमान् राजपुमान् षष्ठी वृक्षफलं तथा । सप्तमी चाक्षशौण्डोऽयमहितो नञ्‌समासकः ।। ३५५.

The king's man, the royal man, the sixth case; the fruit of the tree likewise; the seventh case is 'ākṣaśauṇḍa,' and 'amahita' is a negative compound.

कर्मधारयः सप्तधा नीलोत्पलमुखाः स्मृताः । विशेषणपूर्व्वपदो विशेष्योत्तरतस्तथा ।। ३५५.

The karmadhāraya compound is of seven kinds, such as 'blue lotus-faced'; the qualifying word comes first, the qualified word follows.

वैयाकरणखसूचिः शीतोष्णं द्विपदं शुभम् । उपमानपूर्वपदः शङ्खपाण्डर इत्यपि ।। ३५५.

The grammarian's nail-needle, 'cold-heat,' 'two-footed,' 'auspicious'; with a word of comparison preceding, as in 'white as a conch,' and so on.

उपमानोत्तरपदः पुरुषव्याघ्र इत्यपि । सम्भावनापूर्वपदो गुणवृद्धिरितीदृशम् ।। ३५५.

The subsequent term in a simile is 'tiger among men'; likewise, when the preceding term is for estimation, it is called 'increase of qualities' in such cases.

गुण इति वृद्धिर्वाच्या सुहृदेव सुबन्धुकः । सवधारणपूर्वपदो बहुव्रीहिश्च सप्तधा ।। ३५५.

The increase of qualities is to be spoken of, as in 'friend' or 'close companion'; when the preceding term is with specification, the bahuvrihi compound is of seven kinds.

द्विपदश्च बहुव्रीहिरारूढ़भवनो नरः । अर्च्चिताशेषपूर्व्वोऽयं बह्वङ्‌घ्रिः परिकीर्त्तितः ।। ३५५.

A bahuvrihi compound can be two-footed, as in 'man who has ascended the house'; when the preceding term is 'honored by all', it is called 'having many limbs'.

एते विप्राश्चोपदशाः सङ्‌ख्योत्तरपदस्त्वयम् । सङ्‌ख्योभयपदो यद्वद्‌द्वित्रा द्व्येकत्रयो नरः ।। ३५५.

These, O Brahmins, are subordinate compounds; this is a compound with a numerical subsequent term; as in 'two', 'three', or 'one', referring to men.

सहपूर्षपदोऽयं स्यात् समूलोद्‌धृतकस्तरुः । व्यतिहारलक्षणार्थः केशाकेशि नखानखि ।। ३५५.

This is a compound with a preceding term of 'together', as in 'tree uprooted with its roots'; for the meaning characterized by reversal, as in 'hair-hair', 'nail-nail'.

दिग्लक्ष्या स्याद्दक्षिणपूर्व्वा द्विगुराभाषितो द्विधा । एकवद्भावि द्विश्रृङ्गं पञ्चमूली त्वनेकधा ।। ३५५.

A compound indicating direction is 'east-south'; a compound spoken with twofold repetition is 'two-horned', 'five-rooted', and likewise, 'many'.

द्वन्द्वः समासो द्विविखधो हीतरेतरयोगकः । रुद्रविष्णू समाहारो भेरीपटहमीदृशम् ।। ३५५.

A dvandva compound is a dual compound, formed by mutual connection; as in 'Rudra and Vishnu', or the combination of 'drum and kettle-drum', such is its form.

द्विधाख्यातोऽव्ययीभावो नामपूर्वपदो यथा । शाकस्य मात्रा शाकप्रति यथाऽव्ययपूर्व्यकः ।। ३५५.

A compound called 'twofold' is avyayibhava, where the preceding term is a noun; as in 'measure of vegetables', or 'vegetable-related', when the preceding term is an indeclinable.

उपकुम्भञ्चोपरथ्यं प्राधान्येन चतुर्विंधः । उत्तरपदार्थमुख्यो द्वन्द्वश्चोभयमुख्यकः ३५५.

Upakumbha and uparathya are fourfold in principal types; the main meaning is in the subsequent term, and in dvandva compounds, both terms are principal.

स्कन्द उवाच तद्धितं त्रिविधं वक्ष्ये सामान्यवृत्तिरीदृशी । ल व्यंसलो वत्सलः स्यादिलचि स्यात्तू फेनिलं ।। ३५६.

Skanda said: I will explain the threefold taddhita affix; its general usage is as follows: 'la vyaṃsala' means affectionate, and with the 'ilac' affix, 'phenila' means foamy.

लोमशः से पामनो ने इलचि स्यात्तु पिच्छिलं । अणि प्राज्ञ आर्च्चकः स्यात् दन्तादुरचि दन्तुरः ।। ३५६.

'Lomaśa' means hairy, 'pāmano' means not hairy; with the 'ilac' affix, 'picchila' means sticky. With the 'aṇi' affix, 'prājña' means wise, 'ārccaka' means worshipper; with the 'duraci' affix, 'dantura' means having teeth.

रे स्याम्मधुरं सुशिरं रे स्यात् केशर ईदृशः । हिरण्यं ये मालवो वे वलचि स्याद्रजस्वलः ।। ३५६.

With the 're' affix, 'madhura' means sweet, 'suśira' means hollow; with 're', 'keśara' means like a mane. 'Hiraṇya' means gold, 'mālava' means from Malava; with the 'valaci' affix, 'rajasvala' means dusty.

इनो धनो करी हस्ती धनिकं टिकनोरितं । पयस्वी विनि मायावी ऊर्णायुर्युचि ईरितं ।। ३५६.

With the 'ino' affix, 'dhano' means wealthy, 'karī' means elephant; 'dhanika' means rich, 'ṭikanorita' means marked. 'Payasvī' means possessing milk, 'vinimāyāvī' means magician; 'ūrṇāyur' means having wool, 'yuci' means uttered.

वाग्मी मिनि आलचि स्याद्वाचालश्चाटचीरितं । फलिनो वर्हिणः केकी वृन्दारकस्तया कनि ।। ३५६.

'Vāgmī' means eloquent, with the 'mini' affix; with the 'ālaci' affix, 'vācāla' means talkative, 'cāṭacīrita' means flatterer. 'Phalina' means fruit-bearing, 'varhiṇaḥ' means peacock, 'kekī' means peacock, 'vṛndāraka' means belonging to a group, 'kani' means small.

आलुचि शीतन्न सहते शीतालुः श्वालुरीदृशः । हिमालुरालुचि स्याच्च हिमं न सहते तथा ।। ३५६.

With the 'āluci' affix, 'śītanna' means one who cannot bear cold, 'śītālu' means cold-resistant, 'śvālur' means dog-like. 'Himālur' with 'āluci' means one who cannot bear snow, and likewise.

रूपं वातादुलचि स्याद् वातुलश्चानपत्यके । वाशिष्ठः कौरवो वासः पाञ्चालः सोस्य वासकः ।। ३५६.

'Rūpaṃ' with the 'vātādulaci' affix means wind-affected, 'vātula' means windy, 'anapatyake' means without offspring. 'Vāśiṣṭha' means descendant of Vasiṣṭha, 'kaurava' means descendant of Kuru, 'vāsaḥ' means dwelling, 'pāñcāla' means from Panchala, 'vāsaka' means resident.