Agni Purana

चतुर्द्धा चाधिकरणं व्यापकन्दध्नि वै घृतम् । तिलेषु तैलं देवार्थमौपश्लेषिकमुच्यते ।। ३५४.

The locus is fourfold: clarified butter pervades the vessel and the fire; oil in sesame seeds, for the sake of the gods, is called 'aupaśleṣika.'

गृहे तिष्ठेत् कपिर्वृक्षे स्मृतं वैषयिकं यथा । जले मत्स्यो वने सिंहः स्मृतं सामीप्यकं यथा ।। ३५४.

A monkey stays in a house, as is called 'vaiṣayika'; a fish in water, a lion in the forest, as is called 'sāmīpya.'

गङ्गायां घोषो वसति औपचारिकमीदृशं । तृतीया वाथ वा षष्ठी स्मृताऽनभिहिते तथा ।। ३५४.

A settlement dwells on the Ganges—this is called 'aupacārika'; in the absence of specification, the third or the sixth case is remembered.

विष्णुः सम्पूज्यते लोकैर्गन्तव्यन्तेन तस्य वा । प्रथमाऽभिहितकर्त्तृ कर्म्मणोः प्रणमेद्धरिम् ।। ३५४.

Viṣṇu is worshipped by the worlds, either with the intended or with that; the first case, when the agent is specified, one should bow to Hari for the action.

हेतौ तृतीया चान्नेन वसेद् वृक्षाय वै जलं । चतुर्थी तादर्थ्येऽभिहिता पञ्चमी पर्य्युपाङ्मुखैः ।। ३५४.

In the sense of cause, the third case is used: 'with food'; 'for the tree, water'; the fourth is for the purpose, when specified; the fifth, when facing toward.

योगे वृष्टः परि ग्रामाद्देवोऽयं बलवत् पुरा । पूर्व्वो ग्रामादृते विष्णोर्न मुक्तिरितरो हरेः ।। ३५४.

When united, this god, powerful from ancient times, is invoked outside the village; except for the village of Viṣṇu, no other liberation apart from that of Hari exists.

पृथग्विनाद्यैस्तृतीया पञ्चमी च तथा भवेत् । पृथग्ग्रामाद्विहारेण विना श्रिश्च श्रीया श्रइयः ।। ३५४.

With a separate instrumental, the third and fifth cases likewise arise; without a separate village or movement, there is neither prosperity nor excellence.

कर्म्मप्रवचनीयाख्यैर्द्वितीया योगतो भवेत् । अन्वर्ज्जुनञ्च योद्धारो ह्यभितो ग्राममीरितं ।। ३५४.

By those called 'prescribed by action and recitation,' the second case arises through union; and the warriors, together with Arjuna, are said to surround the village.

नमः स्वाहास्वधास्वस्तिवषडाद्यैश्चतुर्थ्यपि । नमो देवाय ते स्वस्ति तुमर्थाद्भाववाचिनः ।। ३५४.

With 'namaḥ,' 'svāhā,' 'svadhā,' 'svasti,' and 'vaṣaṭ,' the fourth case also occurs; 'salutation to the god, may there be well-being for you,' these express intention and meaning.

पाकाय पक्तये याति तृतीया सहयोगके । हेत्वर्थे कुत्सितेऽङ्गे सा तृतीया च विशेषणे ।। ३५४.

For cooking or for the act of cooking, the third case is used with accompaniment; for the sense of cause, for a contemptible limb, and as a qualifier, the third case is also applied.

पिताऽगात्सह पुत्रेण काणोऽक्ष्णा गदया हरिः । अर्थेन निवसेकद्‌भृत्यः काले भावे च सप्तमी ।। ३५४.

The father went with the son; the one-eyed man with one eye; Hari with a mace; with meaning, for residence, for a servant, for time, and for state, the seventh case is used.

विष्णौ नते भवेन्मुक्तिर्वसन्ते स गतो हरिम् । नृणां स्वामी नृषु स्वामी नृणामीशः सताम्पतिः ।। ३५४.

By bowing to Viṣṇu, liberation is attained; in spring, he went to Hari; the lord of men among men, the lord of men, the ruler, the lord of the virtuous.

नृणां साक्षी नृषु साक्षी गोषु नाथो गवाम्पतिः । गोषु सूतो गवां सूतो राज्ञां दायादकोऽस्विह ।। ३५४.

The witness of men among men, the witness; the lord of cows among cows, the lord of cows; among cows, the charioteer; the charioteer of cows; the inheritor of kings, here.

अन्नस्य१ हेतोर्वसति षष्ठी स्मृत्यर्थकर्मणि । मातुः स्मरति गोप्तारं नित्यं स्यात् कर्तृकर्मणोः ३५४.

For the sake of food, he dwells; the sixth case is used for the sense of memory and action; he remembers the protector of his mother; always, it is for agent and object.

स्कन्ध उवाच षोढ़ा समासं वक्ष्यामि अष्टाविंशातिधा पुनः । नित्यानित्यविभागेन लुगलोपेन च द्विधा ।। ३५५.

Skanda said: I shall now explain the ṣoḍhā-samāsa, again in twenty-eight ways, distinguishing between eternal and non-eternal, and also in two ways by the omission of the word.

कुम्भकारश्च नित्यः स्याद्धेमकारादिकस्तथा । राज्ञः पुमान्‌राजपुमान् नित्योऽयञ्च समासकः ।। ३५५.

The potter is considered eternal, as is the goldsmith and others; the king's man, the royal man, this compound is also eternal.

कष्टश्रितो लुक्‌समासः कण्ठेकालादिकस्त्वलुक् । स्यादष्टधा तत्‌पुरुषः प्रथमाद्यसुपा सह ।। ३५५.

The compound with omission is called 'luk-samāsa,' such as 'kaṣṭaśrita'; in the throat, time, and so on, it is 'valuk'; thus, the tatpuruṣa compound is of eight kinds, with the first case and the suffix 'as.'

प्रथमातत्‌पुरुषोऽयं पूर्व्वं कायस्य विग्रहे । पूर्वकायोऽपरकायो ह्यधरोत्तरकायकः ।। ३५५.

This is the first tatpuruṣa, first in the analysis of the body; the former body, the latter body, and the lower and upper body.

अर्द्धं कणाया अर्द्धकणा भिक्षातुर्य्यमथेदृशम् । आपन्नजीविकस्तद्वत् द्वितीया चाधराश्रितः ।। ३५५.

Half of a particle is called 'half-particle'; likewise, a beggar for alms is so named; similarly, one whose livelihood is attained; the second case is dependent on the lower.

वर्षम्भोग्यो वर्षभोग्यो धान्यार्थश्च तृतीयया । चतुर्थो स्याद्विषणुबलिर्वृकभीतिश्च पञ्चमी ।। ३५५.

One who enjoys the year is 'varṣambhogya' or 'varṣabhogya'; for grain, the third case is used; the fourth is for 'Viṣaṇu-bali,' and the fifth for 'fear of wolves.'

राज्ञः पुमान् राजपुमान् षष्ठी वृक्षफलं तथा । सप्तमी चाक्षशौण्डोऽयमहितो नञ्‌समासकः ।। ३५५.

The king's man, the royal man, the sixth case; the fruit of the tree likewise; the seventh case is 'ākṣaśauṇḍa,' and 'amahita' is a negative compound.

कर्मधारयः सप्तधा नीलोत्पलमुखाः स्मृताः । विशेषणपूर्व्वपदो विशेष्योत्तरतस्तथा ।। ३५५.

The karmadhāraya compound is of seven kinds, such as 'blue lotus-faced'; the qualifying word comes first, the qualified word follows.

वैयाकरणखसूचिः शीतोष्णं द्विपदं शुभम् । उपमानपूर्वपदः शङ्खपाण्डर इत्यपि ।। ३५५.

The grammarian's nail-needle, 'cold-heat,' 'two-footed,' 'auspicious'; with a word of comparison preceding, as in 'white as a conch,' and so on.

उपमानोत्तरपदः पुरुषव्याघ्र इत्यपि । सम्भावनापूर्वपदो गुणवृद्धिरितीदृशम् ।। ३५५.

The subsequent term in a simile is 'tiger among men'; likewise, when the preceding term is for estimation, it is called 'increase of qualities' in such cases.

गुण इति वृद्धिर्वाच्या सुहृदेव सुबन्धुकः । सवधारणपूर्वपदो बहुव्रीहिश्च सप्तधा ।। ३५५.

The increase of qualities is to be spoken of, as in 'friend' or 'close companion'; when the preceding term is with specification, the bahuvrihi compound is of seven kinds.

द्विपदश्च बहुव्रीहिरारूढ़भवनो नरः । अर्च्चिताशेषपूर्व्वोऽयं बह्वङ्‌घ्रिः परिकीर्त्तितः ।। ३५५.

A bahuvrihi compound can be two-footed, as in 'man who has ascended the house'; when the preceding term is 'honored by all', it is called 'having many limbs'.

एते विप्राश्चोपदशाः सङ्‌ख्योत्तरपदस्त्वयम् । सङ्‌ख्योभयपदो यद्वद्‌द्वित्रा द्व्येकत्रयो नरः ।। ३५५.

These, O Brahmins, are subordinate compounds; this is a compound with a numerical subsequent term; as in 'two', 'three', or 'one', referring to men.

सहपूर्षपदोऽयं स्यात् समूलोद्‌धृतकस्तरुः । व्यतिहारलक्षणार्थः केशाकेशि नखानखि ।। ३५५.

This is a compound with a preceding term of 'together', as in 'tree uprooted with its roots'; for the meaning characterized by reversal, as in 'hair-hair', 'nail-nail'.

दिग्लक्ष्या स्याद्दक्षिणपूर्व्वा द्विगुराभाषितो द्विधा । एकवद्भावि द्विश्रृङ्गं पञ्चमूली त्वनेकधा ।। ३५५.

A compound indicating direction is 'east-south'; a compound spoken with twofold repetition is 'two-horned', 'five-rooted', and likewise, 'many'.