Agni Purana

स्कन्द उवाच नपुंसके किं के कानि किं के कानि ततो जलं । सर्वं सर्वे च पूर्वाद्याः सोमपं सोमपानि च ।। ३५३.

Skanda said: In the neuter, what, who, which ones, what, who, which ones, then water; all, all, and the former ones, soma-drinker, soma-drinkers as well.

ग्रामणि ग्राणणिनी च ग्रामणि ग्रामणीन्यपि । वारि वारिणी वारीणि वारिणां वारिणीदृशं ।। ३५३.

Village chief, village chieftainess, and village chief, and also village chieftainesses; water, watery, watery ones, of waters, and watery in form.

शुचये शुचिने देहि मृदुने मृदवे तथा । त्रपु त्रपुणि त्रपुणाञ्च चखलपूनि खलप्वि च ।। ३५३.

For the pure, for the pure one, O giver, for the gentle, for the gentle one likewise; tin, in tin, of tin, and in the vessel, and in the vessel as well.

कर्त्त्त्रा च कर्तृणे कर्त्त्त्रे अतिर्व्यतिरिणान्तथा । अभिन्यभिनिनी चैव सुवचांसि सुवाक्षु च ।। ३५३.

By the doer, for the doer, to the doer, and likewise by the surpasser, for the surpasser; by the imitator, by the imitator as well, good words, and in good speech.

यद्‌यत्‌त्विमे तत् कर्म्माणि इदञ्चेमे त्विमानि च । ईदृक्त्वदोऽमुनी अमूनि अमुना स्यादमीषु च ।। ३५३.

Whatever these, those actions, this and these, and these as well; such as this, those, those ones, by that, and among these.

अहमावां वयं मां वै आवामस्मान्मया कृतं । आवाभ्याञ्च तथास्माभिर्म्मह्यमस्मभ्यमेव च ।। ३५३.

I, we two, we, me, indeed, we two, us, by me done; by us two, and likewise by us, for me, for us, indeed.

मदावाभ्यां मदस्मच्च पुत्रोऽयं मम चावयोः । अस्माकमपि चास्मासु त्वं युवां यूयंमीजिरे ।। ३५३.

From me and us two, and from us, this son is mine and of both of us; also ours and among us, you, you two, you all, have performed the sacrifice.

त्वां युवाञ्च युष्मांश्च त्वया युष्माभिरीरितं । तुभ्यं युवाभ्यां युष्मभ्यं त्वत् युवाभ्याञ्च युष्मत् ।। ३५३.

To you, to you two, and to you all; by you, by you two, and by you all it is spoken; for you, for you two, for you all; from you, from you two, and from you all.

तव युवयोर्युष्माकं त्वयि युष्मासु भारती । उपलक्षणमत्रैव अज्भ्क्तलन्ताश्च ते स्मृताः ।। ३५३.

Of you, of you two, of you all; in you, in you two, in you all, O Bhārata; this is the indication here, and the forms ending with 'ajbhktalanta' are also remembered.

स्कन्द उवाच कारकं सम्प्रवक्ष्यामि विभक्त्यर्थसमन्वितं । ग्रामोऽस्ति हेमहार्केह नौमि विष्णुं श्रिया सह ।। ३५४.

Skanda said: I will now explain the agent, along with the meanings of the cases; there is a village here called Hemahārka—I bow to Viṣṇu together with Śrī.

स्वतन्त्रः कर्त्ता विद्यान्तं कृतिनः समुपासते । हेतुकर्त्तालम्भयते हितं वै कर्म्मकर्त्तरि ।। ३५४.

The independent doer is served by the learned until knowledge is attained; the instrumental cause is relied upon; the beneficial is indeed for the agent of action.

स्वयं भिद्येत् प्राकृतधीः स्वयञ्च छिद्यते तरुः । सर्त्ताऽभिहित उत्तमः कर्त्ताऽनभिहितोऽधमः ।। ३५४.

A person of ordinary intellect breaks by himself, and likewise a tree is cut by itself; the agent who is mentioned is superior, the unmentioned agent is inferior.

कर्त्ताऽनभिहितो धर्म्मः शिष्ये व्याख्यायते यथा । कर्त्ता पञ्चविधः प्रोक्तः कर्म्म सप्तविधं श्रुणु ।। ३५४.

The unmentioned agent is explained in the case of dharma to the disciple, as it is; the agent is said to be fivefold, and the action is sevenfold—listen.

ईप्सितं कर्म्म च यथा श्रद्दधाति द्दरि यतिः । अनीप्सितं कर्म्म यथा अहिं लङ्घयते भृशं ।। ३५४.

As a renunciant faithfully performs the desired action, so too, just as a snake forcefully crosses over the undesired action.

नैवेप्सितं नानीप्सितं दुग्धं सम्भक्षयन्रजः । भक्ष्येदप्यकथितं गोपालो दोग्धि गां पयः ।। ३५४.

Neither desired nor undesired, as when one eats curds mixed with dust; even unspoken, the cowherd milks the cow for milk.

कर्त्तृ कर्माऽथ गमयेच्छिष्यं ग्रामं गुरुर्यथा । कर्म्म चाभिहितं पूजा क्रियते वै श्रिये हरेः ।। ३५४.

The agent, together with the action, leads the disciple to the village, just as the teacher does; and the specified action is worship, performed for the glory of Hari.

कर्म्मानभिहितं स्तोत्रं हरेः कुर्य्यात्तु सर्व्वदं । करणं द्विविधं प्रोक्तं वाह्यमाभ्यन्तरं तथा ।। ३५४.

The unspecified action is the praise of Hari, which one should always perform; the instrument is said to be twofold: external and internal.

चक्षुषा रूपं गृह्णाति वाह्यं दात्रेण तल्लुनेत् । सम्प्रदानं त्रिधा प्रोक्तं प्रेरकं ब्राह्मणाय गां ।। ३५४.

With the eye one grasps form, which is external; with the hand one cuts it; the recipient is said to be threefold: the one who prompts, the one who gives a cow to a Brahmin.

नरो ददाति नृपतये दासन्तदनुमन्तृकं । अनिराकर्त्तृकं भर्त्रे दद्यात् पुष्पाणि सज्जनः ।। ३५४.

A man gives to the king, as a servant, with the approver; to the master, one should give flowers as one who does not refuse.

अपादानं द्विधा प्रोक्तं चलमश्वात्तु धावतः । पतितश्चाचलं ग्रामादागच्छति स वैष्णवः ।। ३५४.

The source is said to be twofold: moving, as from a horse that is running; and stationary, as when one who has fallen comes from a village, that is called Vaiṣṇava.

चतुर्द्धा चाधिकरणं व्यापकन्दध्नि वै घृतम् । तिलेषु तैलं देवार्थमौपश्लेषिकमुच्यते ।। ३५४.

The locus is fourfold: clarified butter pervades the vessel and the fire; oil in sesame seeds, for the sake of the gods, is called 'aupaśleṣika.'

गृहे तिष्ठेत् कपिर्वृक्षे स्मृतं वैषयिकं यथा । जले मत्स्यो वने सिंहः स्मृतं सामीप्यकं यथा ।। ३५४.

A monkey stays in a house, as is called 'vaiṣayika'; a fish in water, a lion in the forest, as is called 'sāmīpya.'

गङ्गायां घोषो वसति औपचारिकमीदृशं । तृतीया वाथ वा षष्ठी स्मृताऽनभिहिते तथा ।। ३५४.

A settlement dwells on the Ganges—this is called 'aupacārika'; in the absence of specification, the third or the sixth case is remembered.

विष्णुः सम्पूज्यते लोकैर्गन्तव्यन्तेन तस्य वा । प्रथमाऽभिहितकर्त्तृ कर्म्मणोः प्रणमेद्धरिम् ।। ३५४.

Viṣṇu is worshipped by the worlds, either with the intended or with that; the first case, when the agent is specified, one should bow to Hari for the action.

हेतौ तृतीया चान्नेन वसेद् वृक्षाय वै जलं । चतुर्थी तादर्थ्येऽभिहिता पञ्चमी पर्य्युपाङ्मुखैः ।। ३५४.

In the sense of cause, the third case is used: 'with food'; 'for the tree, water'; the fourth is for the purpose, when specified; the fifth, when facing toward.

योगे वृष्टः परि ग्रामाद्देवोऽयं बलवत् पुरा । पूर्व्वो ग्रामादृते विष्णोर्न मुक्तिरितरो हरेः ।। ३५४.

When united, this god, powerful from ancient times, is invoked outside the village; except for the village of Viṣṇu, no other liberation apart from that of Hari exists.

पृथग्विनाद्यैस्तृतीया पञ्चमी च तथा भवेत् । पृथग्ग्रामाद्विहारेण विना श्रिश्च श्रीया श्रइयः ।। ३५४.

With a separate instrumental, the third and fifth cases likewise arise; without a separate village or movement, there is neither prosperity nor excellence.

कर्म्मप्रवचनीयाख्यैर्द्वितीया योगतो भवेत् । अन्वर्ज्जुनञ्च योद्धारो ह्यभितो ग्राममीरितं ।। ३५४.

By those called 'prescribed by action and recitation,' the second case arises through union; and the warriors, together with Arjuna, are said to surround the village.

नमः स्वाहास्वधास्वस्तिवषडाद्यैश्चतुर्थ्यपि । नमो देवाय ते स्वस्ति तुमर्थाद्भाववाचिनः ।। ३५४.

With 'namaḥ,' 'svāhā,' 'svadhā,' 'svasti,' and 'vaṣaṭ,' the fourth case also occurs; 'salutation to the god, may there be well-being for you,' these express intention and meaning.