Agni Purana

कारके कर्त्तरि च सा सम्प्रदाने चतुर्थ्यपि । यस्मै दित्सा धारयते सम्प्रदानं तदीरितं ।। ३५१.

In the sense of the agent and also in the recipient, the fourth case is used; to whom something is intended to be given, that is called the recipient.

अपादानं यतोऽपैति आदत्ते च भयं यतः । अपादाने पञ्चमी स्यात् स्वस्वाम्यादौ च षष्ठ्यपि ।। ३५१.

That from which something departs, or from which fear is taken, is the source; in the source, the fifth case is used, and in possession and ownership, the sixth case as well.

आधारो योऽधिकरणं विभक्तिस्तत्र सप्तमी । एकार्थे चैकवचनं द्व्यर्थे द्विवचनं भवेत् ।। ३५१.

Where there is a support or location, the seventh case is used; for one thing, the singular is used, for two things, the dual is employed.

बहुषु बहुवचनं सिद्धरूपाण्यथो वदे । वृक्षः सूर्य्योऽमबुवाहोऽर्क हेरवे हेद्विजातयः ।। ३५१.

For many, the plural is used; now I will state the established forms: vṛkṣaḥ, sūryaḥ, amabuvāhaḥ, arka, herava, he dvijātayaḥ.

विप्रौ गजान्महेन्द्रेण यमाब्यामनलैः कृतं । रामाय मुनिवर्य्याभ्यां केभ्यो धर्म्मात् हरौ रतिः ।। ३५१.

Viprau, by the elephants, by Mahendra, by Yama, by Anala, performed; for Rāma, by the best sages, from whom, from Dharma, in Hari, delight.

शराब्यां पुस्तकेभ्यश्च अर्थस्येश्वरयोर्गतिः । बालानां सज्जने प्रीतिर्हंसयोः कमलेषु च ।। ३५१.

By the two arrows, from the books, the movement of meaning to the lords; the affection of children for the virtuous, of swans for lotuses.

एवं काममहेशाद्याः शब्दा ज्ञेयाश्च वृक्षवत् । सर्वे विश्वे च सर्वस्मै सर्वस्मात्कतरो मतः ।। ३५१.

In this way, words such as Kāma, Maheśa, and others should be understood like 'tree'; all, universal, to all, from all, which is considered which.

सर्वेषां स्वञ्च विश्वस्मिन् शेषं रूपञ्च वृक्षवत् । एवञ्चोभयकतरकतमान्यतरादयः ।। ३५१.

Of all, and one's own, in the universe, and the remaining forms like 'tree'; likewise, both, either, whichever, and any such forms.

पूर्व्वे पूर्व्वाश्च पूर्वस्मै पूर्वस्मात् सुसमागतः । पूर्व्वो बुद्धिश्च पूर्वस्मिन् शेषरूपन्तु सर्ववत् ।। ३५१.

Earlier, and those before, to the former, from the former, well-joined; the former, and the intellect in the former, and the remaining forms as with all.

एवं परवराद्याश्च दक्षिणोत्तरकान्तराः । अपरऱश्चाधरो नेमाः प्रथमाः प्रथमेऽर्कवत् ।। ३५१.

In this way, words such as 'para', 'avara', and others, 'south', 'north', 'interior'; 'apara', 'adhara', and these are the first, in the first as with 'arka'.

एवं चरमायतया अल्पार्द्धा नेमआदयः । द्वितीयस्मै द्वितीयाय द्वितीयस्मात् द्वितीयकात् ।। ३५१.

Thus, with 'carama' and so on, and with 'alpa', 'ardha', and these; to the second, for the second, from the second, and of the second.

द्वितीयस्मिन् द्वितीये च तृतीयश्च तथाऽर्क्कवत् । सोमपाः सोमपौ ज्ञेयौसोमपाः सोमपां ब्रज ।। ३५१.

In the second, and in the second case, and the third as with 'arka'; 'somapāḥ', 'somapau' are to be known, 'somapāḥ', go to 'somapāṃ'.

कीलालपौ सोमपश्च सोमपा सोमपे दद । सोमपाभ्यां सोमपाभ्यः सोमपः सोमपोः कुलं ।। ३५१.

'Kīlālapau', 'somapaś', and 'somapā', give to 'somape'; by the two 'somapā', for the 'somapā', of 'somapa', and the family of 'somapoḥ'.

एवं कीलालपाद्याः स्यु कविरग्निस्तथाऽरयः । हेकवे कविमग्नी तान् हरीन् सात्यकिना हृतं ।। ३५१.

Thus, those beginning with Kīlāla and others, the poet, Agni, and likewise the enemies; O wise one, Agni is the poet, and those horses were taken away by Sātyaki.

रविभ्यां रविभिर्द्देहि वह्निये यः समागतः । अग्नेरग्न्योस्तथाग्नीनां कवौ कव्योः कविष्वऽथ ।। ३५१.

Give to the two Suns, with the Suns, O Fire, he who has come together; of Agni, of the two Agnis, of the fires, of the poet, of the two poets, and of the poets as well.

एवं सुसृतिरभ्रान्तिः सुकीर्त्तिः सुधृतिस्तथा । सखा सखायौ सखायः हेसखे व्रज सप्ततिं ।। ३५१.

Thus, good creation, absence of confusion, good fame, and good firmness; friend, the two friends, friends—O friend, go to the seventy.

सखायञ्च स खायौ च सखीन् सख्या गतो दद । सख्ये सख्युश्च सख्यश्च सख्योः शेषः कवेरिव ।। ३५१.

And the friend, and the two friends, and the friends, having gone to friendship, give; to friendship, of the two friends, and of the friends, of the two, the remainder is like that of the poet.

पत्या पत्ये च पत्यश्च पत्युः पत्योस्तथाऽग्निवत् । द्वौ द्वौ द्वाभ्यां द्वाभ्यां द्वित्वाद्यर्थे द्वयोर्द्वयोः ।। ३५१.

Husband, to the husband, and the husbands, of the husband, of the two husbands, just like Agni; two, to the two, by the two, for the sense of duality, of the two, of the two.

त्रयस्त्रींश्च त्रिभिस्त्रिभ्यस्त्रयाणाञ्च त्रिषु क्रमात् । कविवत् कतिकतीति शेषं वहुवचनं स्मृतम् ।। ३५१.

Three, to the three, by the three, for the three, and in the three, in order; as with the poet, so with 'how many' and similar, the remainder is considered plural.

नीनियौ च नियो हेनीः नियं नियौ नियो निया । नीभ्यां नीभिर्निये नीभ्यः नियान्नियि नियोस्तथा ।। ३५१.

Nīniyau and Niyo, Henīḥ, Niyam, Niyau, Niyo, Niyā; by the two Nī, by the Nī, for Nī, from the Nī, for Niyān, for Niyi, and of the two Niyos likewise.

सुश्रीः सुधीः प्रभृतयो ग्रामणीः पूजयेद्धरिं । ग्रामण्यौ ग्रामण्यो ग्रामण्यं ग्रामण्या ग्रामणीभिः ।। ३५१.

Suśrīḥ, Sudhīḥ, and others, the leader of the village, one should honor Hari; the two leaders, the leaders, the leader, to the leader, by the leaders.

ग्रामण्यो ग्रामण्यामेवं सेनानीप्रमुखाः सुभूः । सुभुवौ च स्वयम्भुवः स्वयम्भुञ्च स्वयम्भुवः ।। ३५१.

The leaders, to the leader, thus, those headed by the general, Subhūḥ; the two Subhu, of Svayambhu, Svayambhu, and of Svayambhu.

स्वयम्भुवा स्वयम्भुवि एवं प्रतिभुवादयः । खलपूः खलप्वौ श्रेष्ठौ खलप्वञ्च खलप्वि च ।। ३५१.

Of Svayambhu, in Svayambhu, thus, those beginning with Pratibhu; Khalapūḥ, the two Khalapvus, the best, Khalapva, and Khalapvi.

एवं शरपूमुखाः स्युः क्रोष्टा क्रोष्टार ईरिताः । क्रोष्टूंश्च कोष्टुश्च कोष्टुना क्रोष्ट्रा क्रोष्टूनां कोष्टरीदृशं ।। ३५१.

Thus, those headed by Śarapū; Kroṣṭā, Kroṣṭāra are declared; Kroṣṭūn, Koṣṭu, by Koṣṭu, Kroṣṭrā, of Kroṣṭūn, and like Koṣṭarī.

पिता पितरौ पितरः हेपितः पितरौ शुभौ । पितॄन् पितुः पितुः पित्रोः पितॄणां पितरीदृशं ।। ३५१.

Father, the two fathers, the fathers, O father, the two auspicious fathers; the ancestors, of the father, of the father, of the two fathers, of the ancestors, and like the father.

एवं भ्राता च जामातृमुखा नॄणां नृणां तथा । कर्त्ता कर्त्तारौ कर्त्तॄश्च कर्त्तॄणां कर्त्तरीदृशं ।। ३५१.

Thus, brother and those headed by son-in-law, of men, and likewise of men; doer, the two doers, the doers, of the doers, and like the doer.

पितृवच्चैवमुट्गाता स्वसा नप्त्रादयः स्मृताः । सुराः सुरायौ सुरायः नुरायाञ्च सुराय्यपि ।। ३५१.

Just as with the ancestors, so with Uṭgātā, sister, nephew, and others are considered; the gods, the two gods, the gods, and also the gods, and likewise Surāyya.

गौः गावौ गाङ्गा गवा च गोर्गवोश्च गवां गवि । एव द्यौर्ग्लौश्चापि तथा स्वरान्ताः पुंसि नायकाः ।। ३५१.

Cow, the two cows, Gāṅgā, by the cows, of the cows, of the cows, in the cow; likewise, Dyau and Glau, and similarly those ending in 'svara' are masculine leaders.

सुवाक् सुवाचौ सुवाचा सुवाग्भ्याञ्च सुवाक्ष्वपि । एवं दिक्प्रमुखाः प्राङ्च प्राञ्चौ प्राञ्चञ्च भो व्रज ।। ३५१.

Suvāk, the two Suvāks, Suvākā, and by the two Suvāks, and also in Suvāks; thus, those headed by direction: Prāñca, the two Prāñcas, and Prāñca, O go.