Agni Purana

क्रियातिशयजन्मान्तःशरीरोत्थक्लमः श्रमः । श्रृङ्गारादिक्रियाद्वेषश्चित्तस्यालस्यमुच्यते ।। ३३९.

Fatigue, which arises from excessive activity, is bodily exhaustion. Aversion to acts of love and similar deeds, and reluctance of the mind, is called 'ālasyam' (laziness).

दैन्यं सत्त्वादपभ्रंशश्चिन्तार्थपरिभावनं । इतिकर्त्तव्यतोपायादर्शनं मोह उच्यते ।। ३३९.

Dejection is the fall of the vital spirit, and constant brooding over matters. Not knowing what should be done or the means to do it is called 'moha' (delusion).

स्मृतिः स्यादनुभूतस्य वस्तुनः प्रतिविम्बनं । मतिरर्थपरिच्छेदस्तत्त्वज्ञानोपनायितः ।। ३३९.

Memory is the reflection of an experienced object. Understanding is the discernment of an object, brought about by knowledge of its true nature.

व्रीडानुरागादिभवः सङ्कोचः कोपि चेतसः । भवेच्चपलताऽस्थैर्यं हर्षश्चित्तप्रसन्नता ।। ३३९.

Contraction of the mind, arising from shame, affection, and similar causes, is called 'saṅkoca'. Fickleness is instability, while joy is the clarity or cheerfulness of the mind.

आवेशश्च प्रतीकारः शयो वैधुर्य्यमात्मनः । कर्त्तव्ये प्रतिभाभ्रंशो जड़तेत्यभिधीयते ।। ३३९.

Possession, remedy, and confusion of self are all forms of mental disturbance. The loss of discernment regarding what should be done is called 'jarat' (senility or decline).

इष्टप्राप्तेरुपचितः सम्पदाभ्युदयो धृतिः । गर्व्वः परेष्ववज्ञानमात्मन्युत्कर्षभावाना ।। ३३९.

The satisfaction that arises from attaining what is desired and the increase of prosperity is called 'dhṛti' (steadfastness). Pride is the feeling of superiority over others, and arises from a sense of one's own excellence.

भवेद्विषादो दैवादेर्विघातोऽभीष्टवस्तुनि । औस्सुक्यमीष्सिताप्राप्तेर्वाञ्छया तरला स्थितिः ।। ३३९.

Despondency arises from obstacles caused by fate and the like, in regard to desired objects. Restlessness is the unsteady state caused by longing for the attainment of what is wished for.

चित्तेन्द्रियाणां स्तैमित्यमपस्मारोऽचला स्थितिः । युद्‌धे बाधादिभीस्त्रासो वीप्सा चित्तचमत्कृतिः ।। ३३९.

The stillness of mind and senses is called 'apasmāra' (stupor), an immobile state. In battle and similar situations, fear arises from distress, and 'vīpsā' is the amazement of the mind.

क्रोधस्याप्रशमोऽमर्षः प्रबोधश्तेचनोदयः । अवहित्थं भवेद्‌गुप्तिरिङ्गिताकारगोचरा ।। ३३९.

The persistence of anger is called 'amarṣa', and awakening is the arising of sharpness. Concealment is called 'avahittha', which is recognized by gestures and expressions.

रोषतो गुरुवाग्दण्डपारुष्यं विदुरुग्रतां । ऊहो वितर्कः स्याद्व्याधिर्मनोवपुरवग्रहः ।। ३३९.

Harsh speech from a teacher, arising from anger, is called severity. 'Ūha' is inference, 'vitarka' is reasoning, and disease is the affliction of mind and body.

अनिबद्धप्रलापादिरुन्मादो मदनादिभिः । तत्वज्ञानादिना चेतःकषायोपरमः शमः ।। ३३९.

Unrestrained speech and similar behaviors are called 'unmāda' (madness), arising from intoxication and the like. The cessation of mental impurities through knowledge of reality and similar means is called 'śama' (tranquility).

कविभिर्योजनीया वै भावाः काव्यादिके रसाः । विभाव्यते हि रत्यादिर्यत्र येन विभाव्यते ।। ३३९.

The emotions to be employed by poets, and the sentiments in poetry and the like, are indeed manifested through that by which love and other feelings are revealed.

विभावो नाम स द्वेधालम्बनोद्दीपनात्मकः । रत्यादिभाववर्गोऽयं यमाजीव्योपजायते ।। ३३९.

This is called vibhāva, which is of two kinds: the support (ālambana) and the stimulant (uddīpana); this group of feelings such as love arises from these causes.

आलम्बनविभावोऽसौ नायकादिभवस्तथा । धीरोदात्तो धीरोद्धतः स्याद्धीरललितस्तथा ।। ३३९.

The supporting vibhāva is that which arises from the hero and others; the hero is of four types: the calm and noble, the proud and bold, the graceful, and the serene.

धीरप्रशान्त इत्येवं चतुर्द्धा नायकः स्मृतः । अनुकूलो दक्षइणश्च शठो धृष्टः प्रवर्त्तितः ।। ३३९.

Thus, the hero is remembered as fourfold: the favorable, the skillful, the cunning, the audacious, and the active.

पीठमर्द्दो विटश्चैव विदूषक इति त्रयः । श्रृड्गारे नर्म्मसचिवा नायकस्यानुनायका ।। ३३९.

The pīṭhamarda, the witty, and the jester—these three are the hero’s companions in love, serving as his confidants.

पीठमर्द्दः सम्बलकः श्रीमांस्तद्वेशजो विटः । विदूषको वैहसिकस्त्वष्टनायकनायिकाः ।। ३३९.

The pīṭhamarda is the associate, the witty is the rival, and the jester is the comic; these are the sub-heroes and sub-heroines.

स्वकीया परकीया च पुनर्भूरिति कौशिकाः । सामान्या न पुनर्भूरिरित्याद्या बहुभेदतः ।। ३३९.

The heroines are classified as one’s own, another’s, and remarried; the experts say there are also common and not remarried, and many other distinctions.

उद्दीपनविभावास्ते संस्कारैर्विविधैः स्थितैः । आलम्बनविभावेषु भावानुद्दीपयन्ति ये ।। ३३९.

The stimulant vibhāvas are those which, through various established impressions, arouse emotions in relation to the supporting vibhāvas.

चतुःषष्टिकला द्वेधा कर्म्माद्यैर्गीतिकादिभिः । कुहकं स्मृतिरप्येषां प्रायो हासोपहारकः ।। ३३९.

The sixty-four arts are of two kinds, such as actions and songs; their skill and memory are mostly sources of amusement.

आलम्बनविभावस्य भावैरुद्वुद्धसंस्कृतैः । मनोवाग्‌बुद्धिवपुषां स्मृतीच्छाद्वेषयत्नत ।। ३३९.

By means of emotions refined through supporting vibhāvas, the mind, speech, intellect, and body are moved by memory, desire, aversion, and effort.

आरम्भ एव विदुषामनुभाव इति स्मृतः । स चानुभूयते चात्र भवत्युत निरुच्यते ।। ३३९.

The beginning itself, for the wise, is called anubhāva (manifestation); it is experienced here and is indeed described as such.

मनोव्यापारभूयिष्ठो मन आरम्भ उच्यते । द्विविधः पौरुषस्त्रैण ईट्टशोऽपि प्रसिध्यति ।। ३३९.

The initiation of the mind is called the predominant mental activity; it is of two kinds, and the threefold manly qualities are also well known.

शोभा विलासो माधुर्य्यं स्थैर्य्यं गाम्भीर्य्यमेव च । ललितञ्च तथौदार्य्यन्तेजोऽष्टाविति पौरुषाः ।। ३३९.

Grace, charm, sweetness, steadiness, depth, playfulness, generosity, and brilliance—these eight are the manly qualities.

नीचनिन्दोत्तमस्पर्द्धा शौर्य्यं दाक्षादिकारणं । मनोधर्म्मे भवेच्छोभा शोभते भवनं यथा ।। ३३९.

Competition among the low, the censured, and the excellent, heroism, skill, and other causes—among mental qualities, grace shines forth as a house does.

भावो हावश्च हेला च शोभा कान्तिस्तथैव च । दीप्तिर्म्माधुर्य्यशौर्य्ये च प्रागलूभ्यं स्यादुदारता ।। ३३९.

Emotion, gesture, playful behavior, grace, beauty, brilliance, sweetness, heroism, boldness, and generosity are found.

स्थैर्य्यं गम्भीरता स्त्रीणां विभावा द्वादशेरिताः । भावो विलासो हावः स्याद्भावः किञ्चिच्च हर्षजः ।। ३३९.

Steadiness and depth are the vibhāvas of women, said to be twelve; emotion, charm, and gesture are emotions, and some are born of joy.

विलापो दुःखवचनमनुलापोऽसकृद्वचः । संलाप उक्तप्रत्युक्तमपलापोऽन्यथावचः ।। ३३९.

Lamentation is the speech of sorrow; repeated speech is called anulāpa; conversation is question and answer; apalāpa is speech to another purpose.

वार्त्ताप्रयाणं सन्देशो निर्देशः प्रतिपादनम् । तत्त्वदेशोऽतिदेशोऽयमपदेशोऽन्यवर्णनम् ।। ३३९.

News, journey, message, instruction, explanation, statement of truth, further statement, and indirect speech—these are the various kinds of speech.