Agni Purana

कृतिश्चातिधृतिवृत्ती अत्यष्टिष्चाष्टिरित्यतः । अतिशर्क्करी शक्करीति अतिजगती जगत्यपि ।। ३३१.

The measure is the function of excess; 'atyaṣṭi' and 'aṣṭi' are thus. 'Atiśarkkarī' and 'śarkkarī', 'atijagatī' and also 'jagatī'.

छन्दोऽत्र लौकिकंस्याच्च आर्षमात्रैष्टुभात् स्मृतम् । त्रिष्टुप्पङ्‌क्तिवृहती अनुष्टुवुष्णिगी रितम् ।। ३३१.

Here, the meter is worldly; the Vedic is remembered as Mātrā, Iṣṭubh, Triṣṭubh, Paṅkti, Vṛhatī, Anuṣṭubh, Uṣṇik, and Ṛtam.

गायत्री स्यात् सुप्रतिष्ठा प्रतिष्ठा मध्यया सह । अत्युक्तात्युक्त आदिश्च एकैकाक्षरवर्जितम् ।। ३३१.

Gāyatrī is well established; Pratiṣṭhā together with the middle; 'Atyuktā', 'Atyukta', and the beginning, each lacking one syllable.

चतुर्भागो भवेत् पादो गण्च्छन्दः प्रदर्श्यते । तावन्तः समुद्रा गणा ह्यादिमध्यान्तसर्वगाः ।। ३३१.

The foot is divided into four parts; the meter is demonstrated by the gaṇa. As many oceans, so many gaṇas, all beginning, middle, and end.

चतुर्णः पञ्च च गणा आर्य्यालक्षणमुच्यते । स्वरार्द्धञ्चार्य्यार्द्धं स्यादार्य्यांयां विषमेनजः ।। ३३१.

Of four and five gaṇas, the mark of Āryā is stated. Half a vowel and half Āryā, in Āryā, the uneven is called 'enaja'.

षष्ठो जो नलपूर्वा स्याद्‌द्वितीयादिपदं नले । सप्तमेऽन्ते प्रथमा च द्वितीये पञ्चमे नले ।। ३३१.

The sixth is 'jo' preceded by 'na'; the second foot is 'na'. In the seventh, at the end, the first and in the second and fifth, 'na'.

अर्द्धे पदं प्रथमादि षष्ठ एको लघुर्भवेत् । त्रिषु गणेषु पादः स्यादार्य्या पञ्चार्द्धके स्मृता ।। ३३१.

In the half, the first foot at the beginning, the sixth is one light syllable. In three gaṇas, the foot is Āryā, remembered as five and a half.

विपुलान्याथ चपला गुरुमध्यागतौ च जौ । द्वितीयचतुर्थौ पूर्वे च चपला मुखपुर्विका ।। ३३१.

The 'vipulā' and also 'capalā', when the heavy is in the middle and at the beginning. The second and fourth, at the start, 'capalā' with the initial prefix.

द्वितीथे जघनपूर्व्वा चपलार्य्या प्रकीर्त्तिता । उभयोर्महाचपला गीतवाद्यार्द्धतुल्यका ।। ३३१.

In the second, with the prior ending, 'capalā Āryā' is proclaimed. In both, the great 'capalā', equal in song and instrument.

अन्त्येनार्द्धेनोपगीतिरुद्‌गीतिश्चोत्क्रमात् स्मृता । अर्द्धे रक्षगणा आर्य्या गीतच्छन्दोऽथ मात्रया ।। ३३१.

With the final half, 'upagīti' and 'udgīti' are remembered in order. In the half, the protective gaṇas are Āryā; the song meter is by measure.

वैतालीयं द्विस्वरा स्यादयुष्पादे समे नलः । वसवोऽन्ते वनगाश्च गोपुच्छन्दशकं भवेत् ।। ३३१.

Vaitālīya is two-voweled; in the same foot, 'na' is equal. The Vasus at the end, and the Vanagas; the 'gopuccha' meter is formed.

भगणआन्ता पाटलिका शेषे परे च पूर्ववत् । साकं षड्वा मिश्रायुक् प्राच्यवृत्तिः प्रदर्श्यते ।। ३३१.

The pāṭalikā at the end of the division, and the remainder as before; together with six vā, the mixed form with eastern progression is shown.

पञ्चमेन पूर्वसाकं तृतीयेन सहस्रयुक् । उदीच्यवृत्तिर्वाच्यां स्याद् युगपच्च प्रवर्त्तकं ।। ३३१.

With the fifth, together with the previous, and with the third, joined with a thousand; the northern progression is to be stated, and it proceeds simultaneously.

अयुक्चारुहासिनी स्याद्‌युगपच्चान्तिका भवेत् ।। ३३१.

Without a yuga, it is called āruhāsinī, and when simultaneous, it is called āntikā.

सप्तार्च्चिर्वसवश्चैव मात्रासमकमीरितम् । भवेन्नलवमौ लश्च द्वादशो वा नवासिका ।। ३३१.

Seven flames and the Vasus are said to be equal in measure; there may be a half or a la, or twelve, or nine asikās.

विश्वोकः पञ्चमाष्टौ मो चित्र लवमकश्चलः । परयुक्तेनोपचित्रा पादाकुलकमित्यतः ।। ३३१.

Viśvoka is five or eight, or citra, or half a lava, or unsteady; with the addition of a yuga, it is called upacitrā, and pādākulaka is thus named.

गीतार्य्या लोपश्चेत् सौम्या लः पूर्वः ज्योतिरीरिता । स्याच्छिखा विपर्य्यास्तार्द्धा तूलिका समुदाहृता ।। ३३१.

If there is omission in the gītāryā, it is called saumyā; la at the beginning is called jyotiḥ; when the crest is reversed and halved, it is called tūlikā.

एकोनत्रिंशदन्ते गः स्याज्ज्ञेजनसमावला । गु इत्येकगुरुं संख्यावर्णाद्दशविपर्य्ययात् ।। ३३१.

When there are twenty-nine at the end, ga is to be known as samāvalā; gu thus is a single guru, by the count of syllables, from the inversion of ten.

अग्निरुवाच वृत्तं समञ्चार्द्धसमं विषमञ्च त्रिधा वदे । समन्तावत् कृत्वकृतमर्द्धसमञ्च कारयेत् ।। ३३२.

Agni said: Metre is declared to be of three kinds: equal, half-equal, and unequal; having made them all around, one should also make the half-equal.

पिषमञ्चैव वास्यूनमतिवृत्तं समान्यपि । ग्लौचतुःप्रमाणी स्यादाभ्यामन्यद्वितानकं ।। ३३२.

Unequal and deficient are called ati-vṛtta, and even the equal; glauca is of four measures, and from these, vitānaka is another.

पादस्याद्यन्तु वक्रं स्यात् शनौ न प्रथमास्मृतौ । बाल्यमुश्चतुर्थाद्वर्णात् पथ्या वर्णं युजेयतः ।। ३३२.

The beginning of the foot is to be curved, but not the first in the śana measure; childhood is from the fourth syllable, and the proper syllable is to be joined accordingly.

विपरीतपथ्यान्या साच्चपला वा युजस्वनः । विपुलायुग्नसप्तमः सर्व्वं तस्यैव तस्य च ।। ३३२.

Another, being the reverse of the proper, is called capalā; the seventh is vipulāyugna, and all belong to that and to this.

तौन्तौ वा विपुलानेका चक्रजातिः समीरिता । भवेन् पदचतुरूद्‌र्ध्वं चतुर्वृद्ध्या पदेषु च ।। ३३२.

Tauntau or many vipulās are called the cakra type; there are four feet above, and in the feet, four increases.

गुरुद्वयान्त आपीडः प्रत्यापीडो गणादिकः । प्रथमस्य विपर्य्यासे मञ्जरी लवणी क्रमात् ।। ३३२.

Ending with two gurus is called āpīḍa, pratyāpīḍa is of the gaṇa type; when the first is reversed, mañjarī and lavaṇī arise in order.

भवेदमृतधाराख्या उद्धताद्य्चयतेऽधुना । एकतः ससजसानः स्युर्न सौ जो गोऽथ भौनजौ ।। ३३२.

It is called amṛtadhārā when raised, as is now stated; on one side, sasajasāna, and not sau, jo, go, or bhaunaja.

नोगोऽथ सजसा गोगस्तृतीयचरणस्य च । सौरभे केचनभगा ललितञ्च नमौ जसौ ।। ३३२.

Not go, nor sajasā, nor goga in the third foot; in saurabha, some are bhagā, and lalita and namau are jasau.

उपस्थितं प्रचुपितं प्रथमाद्यं समौ जसौ । गोगथां मलजा रोगः समो नगरजयाः पदे ।। ३३२.

Upasthita and pracupita are the first, samau and jasau; gogathā is malajā, roga is sama, and nagaraja is in the foot.

वर्द्धमानं मलौ स्वौ नसौ अथो भोजोव इरिता । शुद्धविराड़ार्षभाख्यं वक्ष्ये चार्द्धसमन्ततः ।। ३३२.

Vardhamāna is malau, svau, nasau, and also bhojova as stated; I will explain the pure, vira, and ṛṣabha types, and also the half-samantataḥ.

अग्निरुवाच उपचित्रकं ससमनामथभोजभगामय । द्रूतमध्या ततभगागथोननजयाः स्मृताः ।। ३३३.

Agni said: Upacitraka is with samana, or with bhoja and bhaga; druta and madhya are with bhaga, gatha, and nanajaya as remembered.