उपद्रष्टानुमन्ता च भर्ता भोक्ता महेश्वरः । परमात्मेति चाप्युक्तो देहेऽस्मिन्पुरुषः परः
He is the witness, the consenter, the sustainer, the experiencer, the great Lord; and in this body, He is also called the supreme self, the transcendent person.
य एवं वेत्ति पुरुषं प्रकृतिं च गुणैः सह । सर्वथा वर्तमानोऽपि न स भूयोऽभिजायते
Whoever thus knows the person and nature, along with the qualities, is never born again, even while acting in every way.
ध्यानेनात्मनि पश्यन्ति केचिदात्मानमात्मना । अन्ये साङ्ख्येन योगेन कर्मयोगेन चापरे
Some perceive the self within themselves by meditation; others by the path of knowledge, and still others by the path of action.
अन्ये त्वेवमजानन्तः श्रुत्वाऽन्येभ्य उपासते। तेऽपि चातितरन्त्येव मृत्युं श्रुतिपरायणाः
Others, not knowing thus, worship after hearing from others; even they, devoted to what they have heard, also cross beyond death.
यावत्संजायते किंचित्सत्त्वं स्थावरजङ्गमम् । क्षेत्रक्षेत्रज्ञसंयोगात्तद्विद्धि भरतर्षभ
Whatever being is born, whether moving or unmoving, know, O best of the Bharatas, that it arises from the union of the field and the knower of the field.
समं सर्वेषु भूतेषु तिष्ठन्तं परमेश्वरम्। विनश्यत्स्वविनश्यन्तं यः पश्यति स पश्यति
Whoever sees the supreme Lord abiding equally in all beings, undestroyed amid the perishing, truly sees.
समं पश्यन्हि सर्वत्र समवस्थितमीश्वरम् । न हिनस्त्यात्मनात्मानं ततो याति परां गतिं
For seeing the Lord equally present everywhere, he does not harm himself by himself, and so attains the highest path.
प्रत्यत्यैव च कर्माणि क्रियमाणानि सर्वशः । यः पश्यति तथात्मानमकर्तारं स पश्यति
And whoever sees that all actions are performed entirely by nature, and thus perceives the self as non-agent, he truly sees.
यदा भूतपृथग्भावमेकस्थमनुपश्यति । तत एव च विस्तारं ब्रह्म संपद्यते तदा
When one perceives the distinct existences of beings as rooted in the One, and their expansion from that alone, then he attains Brahman.
अनादित्वान्निर्गुणत्वात्परमात्मायमव्ययः । शरीरस्थोऽपि कौन्तेय न करोति न लिप्यते
Because it is without beginning and without qualities, this supreme self is imperishable; though dwelling in the body, O Kaunteya, it neither acts nor is tainted.
यथा सर्वगतं सौक्ष्म्यादाकाशं नोपलिप्यते। सर्वत्रावस्थितो देहे तथात्मा नोपलिप्यते
Just as the all-pervading space, because of its subtlety, is not tainted, so too, the self, though present in every body, is not tainted.
यथा प्रकाशयत्येकः कृत्स्नं लोकमिमं रविः । क्षेत्रं क्षेत्री तथा कृत्स्नं प्रकाशयति भारत
As the one sun illumines this entire world, so the knower of the field illumines the whole field, O Bharata.
क्षेत्रक्षेत्रज्ञयोरेवमन्तरं ज्ञानचक्षुषा । भूतप्रकृतिमोक्षं च ये विदुर्यान्ति ते परम्
Those who, with the eye of knowledge, discern the distinction between the field and the knower of the field, and the liberation of beings from nature, they attain the supreme.
परं भूयः प्रवक्ष्यामि ज्ञानानां ज्ञानमुत्तमम् । यज्ज्ञात्वा मुनयः सर्वे परां सिद्धिमितो गताः
I will again declare the supreme knowledge among knowledges, by knowing which all sages have attained the highest perfection from here.
इदं ज्ञानमुपाश्रित्य मम साधर्म्यमागताः। सर्गेऽपि नोपजायन्ते प्रलये न व्यथन्ति च
Relying on this knowledge, those who have become like me are not born at creation, nor do they suffer at dissolution.
मम योनिर्महद्ब्रह्म तस्मिन्गर्भं दधाम्यहम् । संभवः सर्वभूतानां ततो भवति भारत
My womb is the great Brahman; in that I place the seed. From that, O Bharata, the birth of all beings arises.
सर्वयोनिषु कौन्तेय मूर्तयः संभवन्तिः याः । तासां ब्रह्म महद्योनिरहं बीजप्रदः पिता
Whatever forms arise in all wombs, O Kaunteya, the great Brahman is their womb, and I am the seed-giving father.
सत्वं रजस्तम इति गुणाः प्रकृतिसंभवाः । निबध्नन्ति महाबाहो देहे देहिनमव्ययम्
Goodness, passion, and darkness—these qualities, arising from nature, bind the imperishable embodied one to the body, O mighty-armed.
तत्र सत्त्वं निर्मलत्वात्प्रकाशकमनामयम् । सुखसङ्गेन बध्नाति ज्ञानसङ्गेन चानघ
There, sattva, being pure, is illuminating and free from affliction; it binds, O sinless one, by attachment to happiness and by attachment to knowledge.
रजो रागात्मकं विद्धि तृष्णासङ्गसमुद्भवम् । तन्निबध्नाति कौन्तेय कर्मसङ्गेन देहिनम्
Know rajas to be of the nature of passion, arising from craving and attachment; it binds the embodied being, O son of Kunti, by attachment to action.
तमस्त्वज्ञानजं विद्धि मोहनं सर्वदेहिनाम् । प्रमादालस्यनिद्राभिस्तन्निबध्नाति भारत
But know tamas to be born of ignorance, deluding all embodied beings; it binds, O Bharata, through negligence, indolence, and sleep.
सत्वं सुखे संजयति रजः कर्मणि भारत । ज्ञानमावृत्य तु तमः प्रमादे संजयत्युत
Sattva leads to happiness, rajas to action, O Bharata; but tamas, covering knowledge, leads to negligence.
रजस्तमश्चाभिभूय सत्वं भवति भारत। रजः सत्वं तमश्चैव तमः सत्वं रजस्तथा
When sattva prevails, having overcome rajas and tamas, O Bharata, then rajas overcomes sattva and tamas, and tamas overcomes sattva and rajas likewise.
सर्वद्वारेषु देहेऽस्मिन्प्राकाश उपजायते। ज्ञानं यदा तदा विद्याद्विवृद्धं सत्वमित्युत
When, in this body, light arises in all the gates, then one should know that sattva has increased.
लोभः प्रवृत्तिरारम्भः कर्मणामशमः स्पृहा । रजस्येतानि जायन्ते विवृद्धे भरतर्षभ
Greed, activity, undertaking of actions, restlessness, and longing—these arise when rajas increases, O best of the Bharatas.
अप्रकाशोऽप्रवृत्तिश्च प्रमादो मोह एव च । तमस्येतानि जायन्ते विवृद्धे कुरुनन्दन
Darkness, inactivity, negligence, and delusion—these arise when tamas increases, O joy of the Kurus.
यदा सत्वे प्रवृद्धे तु प्रलयं याति देहभृत् । तदोत्तमविदां लोकानमलान्प्रतिपद्यते
When, at the time of death, sattva is predominant in the embodied one, then he attains the pure worlds of those who know the highest.
रजसि प्रलयं गत्वा कर्मसङ्गिषु जायते । तथा प्रलीनस्तमसि मूढयोनिषु जायते
Having died in rajas, one is born among those attached to action; likewise, dying in tamas, one is born in the wombs of the deluded.
कर्मणः सुकृतस्याहुः सात्विकं निर्मलं फलम्। रजसस्तु फलं दुःखमज्ञानं तमसः फलम्
They say the fruit of good action is pure and sattvic; the fruit of rajas is pain, and ignorance is the fruit of tamas.
सत्वात्संजायते ज्ञानं रजसो लोभ एव च। प्रमादमोहौ तमसो भवतोऽज्ञानमेव च
From sattva arises knowledge, from rajas only greed; from tamas arise negligence, delusion, and indeed ignorance.