षडिमान्पुरुषो जह्याद्भिन्नां नावमिवार्णवे। अप्रवक्तारमाचार्यमनधीयानमृत्विजम्
A man should cast off these six, as one would a broken boat in the sea: a teacher who does not instruct, a priest who does not study, a king who does not protect, a wife who speaks unpleasantly, a cowherd who desires village life, and a barber who desires the forest.
अरक्षितारं राजानं भार्यां चाप्रियवादिनीम् । ग्रामकामं च गोपालं वनकामं च नापितम्
A king who does not protect, a wife who speaks harshly, a cowherd who longs for the town, and a barber who longs for the forest.
षडेव तु गुणाः पुंसा न हातव्याः कदाचन। सत्यं दानमनालस्यमनसूया क्षमा धृतिः
There are six virtues that a man should never abandon: truthfulness, generosity, diligence, absence of envy, forgiveness, and steadfastness.
अर्थागमो नित्यमरोगिता च प्रिया च भार्या प्रियवादिनी च। वश्यश्च पुत्रोऽर्थकरी च विद्या षड्जीवलोकस्य सुखानि राजन्
The acquisition of wealth, constant good health, a beloved wife who speaks kindly, an obedient son, and knowledge that brings prosperity—these are the six sources of happiness in the world, O king.
षण्णामात्मनि नित्यानामैश्वर्यं योऽधिगच्छति। न स पापैः कुतोऽनर्थैर्युज्यते विजितेन्द्रियः
He who attains mastery over these six ever-present qualities within himself, and has conquered his senses, is never afflicted by sins or misfortunes.
षडिमे षट्सु जीवन्ति सप्तमो नोपलभ्यते। चोराः प्रमत्ते जीवन्ति व्याधितेषु चिकित्सकाः
These six live upon six others, but the seventh is not found: thieves live upon the careless, physicians upon the sick,
प्रमदाः कामयानेषु यजमानेषु याजकाः । राजा विवदमानेषु नित्यं मूर्खेषु पण्डिताः
Women live upon those who desire them, priests upon those who perform sacrifices, kings upon those who quarrel, and the learned upon the foolish.
षडिमानि विनश्यन्ति मुहूर्तमनवेक्षणात्। गावः सेवा कृषिर्भार्या विद्या वृषलसङ्गतिः
These six are destroyed in a moment if not attended to: cows, service, agriculture, a wife, learning, and association with the low.
षडेते ह्यवमन्यन्ते नित्यं पूर्वोपकारिणम् । आचार्यं शिक्षिताः शिष्याः कृतदाराश्च मातरं
These six always look down upon those who have previously benefited them: disciples who have completed their studies disregard their teacher, and those who have married neglect their mother.
नारीं विगतकामास्तु कृतार्थाश्च प्रयोजकम् । नावं निस्तीर्णकान्तारा नातुराश्च चिकित्सकं
Women who have lost desire, those who have achieved their aims disregard their benefactor; those who have crossed a river ignore the boat, and the cured patient forgets the physician.
आरोग्यमानृण्यमविप्रवासः सद्भिर्मनुष्यैः सह संप्रयोगः। स्वप्रत्यया वृत्तिरभीतवासः षट् जीवलोकस्य सुखानि राजन्
O King, these six are the true joys of living beings: health, freedom from debt, not living in exile, association with virtuous people, earning by one's own effort, and dwelling without fear.
ईर्षुर्धृणी नसन्तुष्टः क्रोधनो नित्यशङ्कितः। परभाग्योपजीवी च षडेते नित्यदुःखिताः
The envious, the malicious, the never-content, the angry, the ever-suspicious, and one who lives off others' fortune—these six are always unhappy.
सप्त दोषाः सदा राज्ञा हातव्या व्यसनोदयाः। प्रायशो यैर्विनश्यन्ति कृतमूला अपीश्वराः
There are seven faults that a king must always abandon, for they lead to ruin; even those firmly established in power are often destroyed by these.
स्त्रियोऽक्षा मृगया पानं वाक्पारुष्यं च पञ्चमम्। महच्च दण्डपारुष्यमर्थदूषणमेव च
Women, gambling, hunting, drinking, harsh speech as the fifth, excessive severity in punishment, and misuse of wealth—these are the seven.
अष्टौ पूर्वनिमित्तानि नरस्य विनशिष्यतः। ब्राह्मणान्प्रथमं द्वेष्टि ब्राह्मणैश्च विरुध्यते
There are eight early signs for a man who is about to perish: he first hates Brahmins, opposes Brahmins,
ब्राह्मणस्वानि चादत्ते ब्राह्मणांश्च जिघांसति। रमते निन्दया चैषां प्रशंसां नाभिनन्दति
He seizes the property of Brahmins, seeks to harm Brahmins, delights in slandering them, and does not rejoice in their praise.
नैनान्स्मरति कृत्येषु याचितश्चाभ्यसूयति। एतान्दोषान्नरः प्राज्ञो बुद्ध्या बुध्वा विसर्जयेत्
He does not remember them in important matters, and when asked for help, he is resentful; a wise person, understanding these faults, should abandon them.
अष्टाविमानि हर्षस्य नवनीतानि भारत। वर्तमानानि दृश्यन्ते तान्येव स्वसुखान्यपि
O Bharata, there are eight sources of joy and nine of delight; these are seen in the world, and they are also the means of one's own happiness.
समागमश्च सखिभिर्महांश्चैव धनागमः । पुत्रेण च परिष्वङ्गः सन्निपातश्च मैथुने
Meeting with friends, great gain of wealth, embracing one's son, union in sexual pleasure,
समये च प्रियालापः स्वयूथ्येषु समुन्नतिः । अभिप्रेतस्य लाभश्च पूजा च जनसंसदि
Pleasant conversation at the right time, advancement among one's peers, obtaining what is desired, and honor in public assembly.
अष्टौ गुमाः पुरुषं दीपयन्ति प्रज्ञा च कौल्यं च दमः श्रुतं च। पराक्रमश्चाबहुभाषिता च दानं यथाशक्ति कृतज्ञता च
Eight qualities make a person shine: wisdom, noble birth, self-control, learning, valor, not speaking excessively, giving as one is able, and gratitude.
नवद्वारमिदं वेश्म त्रिस्थूणं पञ्चसाक्षिकम्। क्षेत्रज्ञाधिष्ठितं विद्वान्यो वेद स परः कविः
This body is a house with nine gates, three pillars, and five supports; presided over by the knower of the field—he who understands this is a true sage.
दश धर्मं न जानन्ति धृतराष्ट्र निबोध तान्। मत्तः प्रमत्त उन्मत्तः श्रान्तः क्रुद्धो बुभुक्षितः
There are ten who do not know righteousness, O Dhritarashtra; listen to them: one who is drunk, careless, mad, exhausted, angry, hungry,
त्वरमाणश्च लुब्धश्च भीतः कामी च ते दश। तस्मादेतेषु भावेषु न प्रसञ्जेत पण्डितः
Hurried, greedy, fearful, or lustful—these ten; therefore, a wise person should not engage with them in such states.
अत्रैवोदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम्। पुत्रार्थमसुरेन्द्रेण गीतं चैव सुधन्वना
Here they cite an ancient story, O King, and a song sung by Sudhanvan for the sake of a son, as spoken by the lord of the Asuras.
यः काममन्यू प्रजहाति राजा पात्रे प्रतिष्ठापयते धनं च। विशेषविच्छ्रुतवान्क्षिप्रकारी तं सर्वलोकः कुरुते प्रमाणम्
The king who abandons desire and anger, gives wealth to the worthy, is renowned for discernment and learning, and acts swiftly—such a one is regarded as an authority by all people.
जानाति विश्वासयितुं मनुष्यान् विज्ञातदोषेषु दधाति दण्डम्। जानाति मात्रां च तथा क्षमां च तं तादृशं श्रीर्जुषते समग्रा
He knows how to win the trust of people, imposes punishment on those whose faults are understood, knows the proper measure and forgiveness; such a one is wholly favored by Fortune.
सुदुर्बलं नावजानाति कंचि- द्युक्तो रिपुं सेवते बुद्धिपूर्वम्। न विग्रहं रोचयते बलस्थैः काले च यो विक्रमते स धीरः
He does not despise anyone who is weak, serves even an enemy with forethought, does not desire conflict with the powerful, and acts with courage at the right time—such a one is steadfast.
प्राप्याप.. न व्यथते कदाचि- दुद्योगमान्वच्छति चाप्रमत्तः । दुःखं च काले सहते महात्मा धुरन्धरस्तस्य जिताः सपत्नाः
Having attained what is sought, he is never disturbed, pursues effort without negligence, endures hardship at the proper time—such a great soul, a bearer of burdens, conquers his rivals.
अनर्थकं विप्रवासं गृहेभ्यः पापैः सन्धिं परदाराभिमर्शम्। दम्भं स्तैन्यं पैशुनं मद्यमानं न सेवते यः स सुखी सदैव
He does not engage in pointless exile from home, alliances with the wicked, the violation of another’s wife, hypocrisy, theft, slander, intoxication, or gambling—such a one is always happy.