न्यायागतस्य द्रव्यस्य बोद्धव्यौ द्वावतिक्रमौ । अपात्रे प्रतिपत्तिश्च पात्रे चात्प्रतिपादनम्
There are two transgressions regarding wealth acquired by just means: giving to the unworthy, and not giving to the worthy.
द्वावभ्यसि निवेष्टव्यौ गले बध्वा दृढां शिलाम् । धनवन्तमदातारं दरिद्रं चातपस्विनम्
Two should be bound with a heavy stone and cast into deep water: a wealthy man who does not give, and a poor man who is not diligent.
द्वाविमौ पुरुषव्याघ्र सूर्यमण्डलभेदिनौ। परिव्राड्योगयुक्तश्च रणे चाभिमुखो हतः
There are two, O tiger among men, who pierce the solar orb: a wandering ascetic devoted to yoga, and one who is slain facing the foe in battle.
त्रयो न्याया मनुष्याणां श्रूयन्ते भरतर्षभ । कनीयान्मध्यमः श्रेष्ठ इति वेदविदो विदुः
Three types of justice among men are heard of, O bull of the Bharatas: lesser, middling, and best—so say the knowers of the Veda.
त्रिविधाः पुरुषा राजन्नुत्तमाधममध्यमाः । नियोजयेद्यथावत्तांस्त्रिविधेष्वेव कर्मसु
Men are of three kinds, O king: superior, inferior, and middling; one should assign them to tasks according to their type.
त्रय एवाधना राजन्भार्या दासस्तथा सुतः। यत्ते समधिगच्छन्ति यस्यैते तस्य तद्धनम्
There are three who are not wealthy, O king: a wife, a servant, and a son; whatever they acquire belongs to the one to whom they belong.
हरणं च परस्वानां परदाराभिमर्शनम् । सुहृदश्च परित्यागस्त्रयो दोषाः क्षयावहाः
Theft of another’s property, violation of another’s wife, and abandonment of a friend—these three faults lead to ruin.
त्रिविधं नरकस्येदं द्वारं नाशनमात्मनः । कामः क्रोधस्तथा लोभस्तस्मादेतत्रयं त्यजेत्
There are three gates to hell, destructive of the self: desire, anger, and greed; therefore, one should abandon these three.
वरप्रदानं राज्यं च पुत्रजन्म च भारत। शत्रोश्च मोक्षणं कृच्छ्रात्रीणि चैकं च तत्समम्
Granting a boon, sovereignty, the birth of a son, and releasing an enemy—these four, O Bharata, are equally difficult.
भक्तं च भजमानं च तवास्मीति च वादिनम् । त्रीनेताञ्छरणं प्राप्तान्विषमेऽपि कन सन्त्यजेत्
One should abandon, even in adversity, these three who seek refuge: one who has eaten with you, one who serves you, and one who says 'I am yours.'
चत्वारि राज्ञा तु महाबलेन वर्ज्यान्याहुः पण्डितस्तानि विद्यात्। अल्पप्रज्ञैः सह मन्त्रं न कुर्या- न्न दीर्घसूत्रैरलसैश्चारणैश्च
The learned declare that a king of great power should avoid four types; he should not hold counsel with those of little intelligence, with procrastinators, with the lazy, or with those who are careless in their actions.
चतवारि ते तात गृहे वसन्तु श्रियाऽभिजुष्टस्य गृहस्थधर्मे। वृद्धो ज्ञातिरवसन्नः कुलीनः सखा दरिद्रो भगिनी चानपत्या
Let these four, O dear one, dwell in the house of a householder endowed with prosperity: an aged relative, one fallen from fortune though of good family, a poor friend, and a sister without children.
चत्वार्याह महाराज साद्यस्कानि बृहस्पतिः। पृच्छते त्रिदशेन्द्राय तानीमानि निबोध मे
Brihaspati has spoken of four things to be known at the outset, O great king; listen as I recount them to you, as he told them to the lord of the gods when asked.
देवतानां च सङ्कल्पमनुभावं च धीमताम्। विनयं कृतविद्यानां विनाशं पापकर्मणाम्
The resolve of the gods, the influence of the wise, the humility of the learned, and the destruction of those who commit evil deeds.
चत्वारि कर्माण्यभयंकराणि भयं प्रयच्छन्त्ययथाकृतानि । मानाग्निहोत्रमुत मानमौनं मानेनाधीतमुत मानयज्ञः
There are four acts which, if performed with pride, become dangerous and bring fear if done improperly: the agnihotra sacrifice, the vow of silence, the study of the Vedas, and the performance of sacrifice.
पञ्चाग्नयो मनुष्येण परिचर्याः प्रयत्नतः। पिता माताग्निरात्मा च गुरुश्च भरतर्षभ
A man must diligently serve five fires: his father, his mother, fire itself, his own self, and his teacher, O bull among the Bharatas.
पञ्चैव पूजयँल्लोके यशः प्राप्नोति केवलम्। देवान्पितॄन्मनुष्यांश्च भिक्षूनतिथिपञ्चमान्
By honoring these five in the world, one attains pure fame: the gods, the ancestors, humans, mendicants, and guests as the fifth.
पञ्च त्वाऽनुगमिष्यन्ति यत्र यत्र गमिष्यसि। मित्राण्यमित्रा मध्यस्था उपजीव्योपजीविनः
Wherever you go, five will follow you: friends, enemies, those who are neutral, dependents, and those on whom you depend.
पञ्चेन्द्रियस्य मर्त्यस्य छिद्रं चेदेकमिन्द्रियम्। ततोऽस्य स्रवति प्रज्ञा दृतेः पात्रादिवोदकम्
If even one of the five senses of a mortal has a defect, then his wisdom leaks away, just as water from a vessel with a hole.
षड्दोषाः पुरुषेणेह हातव्या भूतिमिच्छता। निद्रा तन्द्री भयं क्रोध आलस्यं दीर्घसूत्रता
A man who desires prosperity must abandon these six faults: sleep, lethargy, fear, anger, laziness, and procrastination.
षडिमान्पुरुषो जह्याद्भिन्नां नावमिवार्णवे। अप्रवक्तारमाचार्यमनधीयानमृत्विजम्
A man should cast off these six, as one would a broken boat in the sea: a teacher who does not instruct, a priest who does not study, a king who does not protect, a wife who speaks unpleasantly, a cowherd who desires village life, and a barber who desires the forest.
अरक्षितारं राजानं भार्यां चाप्रियवादिनीम् । ग्रामकामं च गोपालं वनकामं च नापितम्
A king who does not protect, a wife who speaks harshly, a cowherd who longs for the town, and a barber who longs for the forest.
षडेव तु गुणाः पुंसा न हातव्याः कदाचन। सत्यं दानमनालस्यमनसूया क्षमा धृतिः
There are six virtues that a man should never abandon: truthfulness, generosity, diligence, absence of envy, forgiveness, and steadfastness.
अर्थागमो नित्यमरोगिता च प्रिया च भार्या प्रियवादिनी च। वश्यश्च पुत्रोऽर्थकरी च विद्या षड्जीवलोकस्य सुखानि राजन्
The acquisition of wealth, constant good health, a beloved wife who speaks kindly, an obedient son, and knowledge that brings prosperity—these are the six sources of happiness in the world, O king.
षण्णामात्मनि नित्यानामैश्वर्यं योऽधिगच्छति। न स पापैः कुतोऽनर्थैर्युज्यते विजितेन्द्रियः
He who attains mastery over these six ever-present qualities within himself, and has conquered his senses, is never afflicted by sins or misfortunes.
षडिमे षट्सु जीवन्ति सप्तमो नोपलभ्यते। चोराः प्रमत्ते जीवन्ति व्याधितेषु चिकित्सकाः
These six live upon six others, but the seventh is not found: thieves live upon the careless, physicians upon the sick,
प्रमदाः कामयानेषु यजमानेषु याजकाः । राजा विवदमानेषु नित्यं मूर्खेषु पण्डिताः
Women live upon those who desire them, priests upon those who perform sacrifices, kings upon those who quarrel, and the learned upon the foolish.
षडिमानि विनश्यन्ति मुहूर्तमनवेक्षणात्। गावः सेवा कृषिर्भार्या विद्या वृषलसङ्गतिः
These six are destroyed in a moment if not attended to: cows, service, agriculture, a wife, learning, and association with the low.
षडेते ह्यवमन्यन्ते नित्यं पूर्वोपकारिणम् । आचार्यं शिक्षिताः शिष्याः कृतदाराश्च मातरं
These six always look down upon those who have previously benefited them: disciples who have completed their studies disregard their teacher, and those who have married neglect their mother.
नारीं विगतकामास्तु कृतार्थाश्च प्रयोजकम् । नावं निस्तीर्णकान्तारा नातुराश्च चिकित्सकं
Women who have lost desire, those who have achieved their aims disregard their benefactor; those who have crossed a river ignore the boat, and the cured patient forgets the physician.