पुरुषः प्रकृतिस्थो हि भुङ्क्ते प्रकृतिजान्गुणान्।कारणं गुणसङ्गोऽस्य सदसद्योनिजन्मसु।।13.22।।
The spirit, situated in nature, enjoys the qualities born of nature; attachment to these qualities is the cause of its birth in good and evil wombs.
उपद्रष्टाऽनुमन्ता च भर्ता भोक्ता महेश्वरः।परमात्मेति चाप्युक्तो देहेऽस्मिन्पुरुषः परः।।13.23।।
The supreme spirit in this body is also called the witness, the consenter, the supporter, the enjoyer, the great Lord, and the supreme self.
य एवं वेत्ति पुरुषं प्रकृतिं च गुणैःसह।सर्वथा वर्तमानोऽपि न स भूयोऽभिजायते।।13.24।।
Whoever thus knows spirit and nature, along with the qualities, is not born again, regardless of how he lives.
ध्यानेनात्मनि पश्यन्ति केचिदात्मानमात्मना।अन्ये सांख्येन योगेन कर्मयोगेन चापरे।।13.25।।
Some perceive the self within the self by meditation; others by the path of knowledge, and still others by the path of action.
अन्ये त्वेवमजानन्तः श्रुत्वाऽन्येभ्य उपासते।तेऽपि चातितरन्त्येव मृत्युं श्रुतिपरायणाः।।13.26।।
Yet others, not knowing thus, hear from others and worship; they too, devoted to hearing, certainly cross beyond death.
यावत्सञ्जायते किञ्चित्सत्त्वं स्थावरजङ्गमम्।क्षेत्रक्षेत्रज्ञसंयोगात्तद्विद्धि भरतर्षभ।।13.27।।
Whatever being is born, whether unmoving or moving, know, O best of the Bharatas, that it arises from the union of the field and the knower of the field.
समं सर्वेषु भूतेषु तिष्ठन्तं परमेश्वरम्।विनश्यत्स्वविनश्यन्तं यः पश्यति स पश्यति।।13.28।।
He who sees the supreme Lord equally present in all beings, the imperishable within the perishing, truly sees.
समं पश्यन्हि सर्वत्र समवस्थितमीश्वरम्।न हिनस्त्यात्मनाऽऽत्मानं ततो याति परां गतिम्।।13.29।।
For seeing the Lord equally present everywhere, he does not harm the self by the self, and thus attains the highest goal.
प्रकृत्यैव च कर्माणि क्रियमाणानि सर्वशः।यः पश्यति तथाऽऽत्मानमकर्तारं स पश्यति।।13.30।।
He who sees that all actions are performed entirely by nature, and thus regards the self as non-agent, truly sees.
यदा भूतपृथग्भावमेकस्थमनुपश्यति।तत एव च विस्तारं ब्रह्म सम्पद्यते तदा।।13.31।।
When he perceives the manifold existence of beings as resting in the One, and its expansion from That alone, then he attains Brahman.
अनादित्वान्निर्गुणत्वात्परमात्मायमव्ययः।शरीरस्थोऽपि कौन्तेय न करोति न लिप्यते।।13.32।।
Because it is beginningless and without qualities, this supreme self is imperishable; though dwelling in the body, O Kaunteya, it neither acts nor is tainted.
यथा सर्वगतं सौक्ष्म्यादाकाशं नोपलिप्यते।सर्वत्रावस्थितो देहे तथाऽऽत्मा नोपलिप्यते।।13.33।।
Just as the all-pervading space, because of its subtlety, is not tainted, so the self, though present everywhere in the body, is not tainted.
यथा प्रकाशयत्येकः कृत्स्नं लोकमिमं रविः।क्षेत्रं क्षेत्री तथा कृत्स्नं प्रकाशयति भारत।।13.34।।
As the one sun illumines this entire world, so does the knower of the field illumine the whole field, O Bharata.
क्षेत्रक्षेत्रज्ञयोरेवमन्तरं ज्ञानचक्षुषा।भूतप्रकृतिमोक्षं च ये विदुर्यान्ति ते परम्।।13.35।।
Those who, with the eye of knowledge, perceive the distinction between the field and the knower of the field, and the liberation from the nature of beings, they attain the supreme.
श्री भगवानुवाचपरं भूयः प्रवक्ष्यामि ज्ञानानां ज्ञानमुत्तमम्।यज्ज्ञात्वा मुनयः सर्वे परां सिद्धिमितो गताः।।14.1।।
The Blessed Lord said: Again I shall declare the highest knowledge among all knowledges, knowing which all the sages have attained supreme perfection from here.
इदं ज्ञानमुपाश्रित्य मम साधर्म्यमागताः।सर्गेऽपि नोपजायन्ते प्रलये न व्यथन्ति च।।14.2।।
Resorting to this knowledge, they have come to a likeness with Me; at creation they are not born, and at dissolution they do not suffer.
मम योनिर्महद्ब्रह्म तस्मिन् गर्भं दधाम्यहम्।संभवः सर्वभूतानां ततो भवति भारत।।14.3।।
My womb is the great Brahman; in that I place the seed. From that, O Bharata, arises the birth of all beings.
सर्वयोनिषु कौन्तेय मूर्तयः सम्भवन्ति याः।तासां ब्रह्म महद्योनिरहं बीजप्रदः पिता।।14.4।।
Whatever forms are produced in all wombs, O son of Kunti, the great Brahman is their womb, and I am the seed-giving father.
सत्त्वं रजस्तम इति गुणाः प्रकृतिसंभवाः।निबध्नन्ति महाबाहो देहे देहिनमव्ययम्।।14.5।।
Sattva, rajas, and tamas—these qualities arise from nature; they bind the imperishable embodied one to the body, O mighty-armed.
तत्र सत्त्वं निर्मलत्वात्प्रकाशकमनामयम्।सुखसङ्गेन बध्नाति ज्ञानसङ्गेन चानघ।।14.6।।
Of these, sattva, being pure, is illuminating and free from sickness; yet it binds, O sinless one, by attachment to happiness and attachment to knowledge.
रजो रागात्मकं विद्धि तृष्णासङ्गसमुद्भवम्।तन्निबध्नाति कौन्तेय कर्मसङ्गेन देहिनम्।।14.7।।
Know rajas to be of the nature of passion, arising from craving and attachment; it binds the embodied one, O son of Kunti, by attachment to action.
तमस्त्वज्ञानजं विद्धि मोहनं सर्वदेहिनाम्।प्रमादालस्यनिद्राभिस्तन्निबध्नाति भारत।।14.8।।
But know tamas to be born of ignorance, deluding all embodied beings; it binds, O Bharata, by heedlessness, indolence, and sleep.
सत्त्वं सुखे सञ्जयति रजः कर्मणि भारत।ज्ञानमावृत्य तु तमः प्रमादे सञ्जयत्युत।।14.9।।
Sattva attaches to happiness, rajas to action, O Bharata; but tamas, covering knowledge, attaches to heedlessness.
रजस्तमश्चाभिभूय सत्त्वं भवति भारत।रजः सत्त्वं तमश्चैव तमः सत्त्वं रजस्तथा।।14.10।।
When rajas and tamas are overcome, sattva prevails, O Bharata; when sattva and tamas are subdued, rajas arises; likewise, when sattva and rajas are subdued, tamas prevails.
सर्वद्वारेषु देहेऽस्मिन्प्रकाश उपजायते।ज्ञानं यदा तदा विद्याद्विवृद्धं सत्त्वमित्युत।।14.11।।
When, in this body, light arises in all the gates, then one should know that sattva has increased.
लोभः प्रवृत्तिरारम्भः कर्मणामशमः स्पृहा।रजस्येतानि जायन्ते विवृद्धे भरतर्षभ।।14.12।।
Greed, activity, undertaking of actions, restlessness, and craving—these arise when rajas increases, O best of the Bharatas.
अप्रकाशोऽप्रवृत्तिश्च प्रमादो मोह एव च।तमस्येतानि जायन्ते विवृद्धे कुरुनन्दन।।14.13।।
Darkness, inactivity, heedlessness, and delusion—these arise when tamas increases, O joy of the Kurus.
यदा सत्त्वे प्रवृद्धे तु प्रलयं याति देहभृत्।तदोत्तमविदां लोकानमलान्प्रतिपद्यते।।14.14।।
When the embodied one meets death while sattva is predominant, he attains the pure worlds of those who know the highest.
रजसि प्रलयं गत्वा कर्मसङ्गिषु जायते।तथा प्रलीनस्तमसि मूढयोनिषु जायते।।14.15।।
Having died in rajas, one is born among those attached to action; likewise, dying in tamas, one is born among the deluded.
कर्मणः सुकृतस्याहुः सात्त्विकं निर्मलं फलम्।रजसस्तु फलं दुःखमज्ञानं तमसः फलम्।।14.16।।
It is said that the fruit of good action is pure and sattvic; the fruit of rajas is suffering, and ignorance is the fruit of tamas.