Great indeed is the Sun, the mighty Aditya, whose greatness surpasses all. O Aditya, you are truly vast; your glory is immeasurable. You shine resplendently in the heavens, you illuminate the midspace, O divine bird; you radiate upon the earth and within the waters. Your brilliance fills both oceans, O god, and you stand as the mighty bull, the sovereign lord of light. From distant realms you come close, traversing your eternal path, swift and wise, the flying bird. You are Vishnu, of manifold vision, standing in power, enduring all that moves beneath your banner. Brilliant and wise, mighty and splendid-winged, you illuminate heaven, earth, and the midspace. Day and night you clothe the sun, casting heroic deeds across all the regions. Sharp and shining, clothed in your own form, unapproachable, you pour forth radiant streams. With wings of light, O mighty one, leader of birds, you occupy every direction, arranging the world in order. The banner of the gods is wondrous—your face, O radiant sun, rising in all directions. As the maker of day, surpassing all in splendor, you drive away darkness and misfortune. Among the gods, your face rose, O Sun, as the eye of Mitra, Varuna, and Agni. You filled both heaven and earth and the midspace; you are the soul of all that moves and stands still. We behold you, O Savitar, soaring high, ruddy and splendid-winged, shining in the midst of heaven. You are the unfailing light, discovered by the three, ever-present. On the summit of heaven you run, splendid-winged son of Aditi; I approach you for protection, fearful. O Sun, carry us safely to long life; may we not perish, may we remain in your good favor. With a thousand days, the swift goose spreads its wings, flying to heaven. Seeing all, you approach every world, holding all the gods within your breast. The red one became Time itself, the first, Prajapati; the red one is the mouth of sacrifice, the bearer of songs. This red one became the world, surpassing even heaven; with his rays, he moves over the earth and ocean. As lord of heaven, the red one moves in all directions, protecting heaven, ocean, earth, and all beings. Rising, the bright, great, untiring one shines, making two forms—day and night. Wondrous and wise, mighty and wind-borne, he shines over as many worlds as exist. From every side he is beset, encircled; the buffalo, measured by day and night. We, not falling behind, call upon the Sun, who dwells in the region and knows the paths. The buffalo, offspring of Earth, never lags; his undeceived gaze encompasses all. Seeing all, possessing good guidance, worthy of sacrifice—may he hear what I declare. His greatness encircles earth and ocean, shining with radiance, surrounding sky and midspace. Seeing all, guiding all, worthy of sacrifice—may he hear my words. Agni awakens among the people with kindling, stretching forth the dawn like a cow. The swift rays rise and hasten forth, streaming toward the summit of heaven. He who generated these heavens and earth, who, having made the expanse, encompasses all the worlds—in whom the six directions and the flying sun abide—of that god, when angered, the offense is this: whoever overcomes a learned Brahmin who knows thus. From whom the winds blow in due season, from whom the oceans overflow—against such a god, this is the offense. O Rohita, shake off, drive away, diminish the bonds of the Brahmin-slayer, release him from the fetters. He who causes death and bestows life, from whom all beings live—against that god, this is the offense: whoever overcomes a learned Brahmin who knows thus. Rohita, shake off, drive away, diminish the bonds of the Brahmin-slayer, release him from the fetters. He who satisfies heaven and earth with breath, who fills the ocean’s belly with exhalation—against that god, this is the offense: whoever overcomes a learned Brahmin who knows thus. Rohita, shake off, drive away, diminish the bonds of the Brahmin-slayer, release him. In whom Virāj, Parameṣṭhin, Prajāpati, Agni Vaiśvānara, and the Paṅkti are established; who takes the breath and radiance of another—against that god, this is the offense: whoever overcomes a learned Brahmin who knows thus. Rohita, shake off, drive away, diminish the bonds of the Brahmin-slayer. In whom the six broad directions, the five regions, the four waters, and the three syllables of sacrifice are established; who, in anger, looked between heaven and earth—against that god, this is the offense: whoever overcomes a learned Brahmin who knows thus. Rohita, shake off, drive away, diminish the bonds of the Brahmin-slayer. He who became the eater of food, the lord of food and speech, who is and will be the lord of all beings—against that god, this is the offense: whoever overcomes a learned Brahmin who knows thus. Rohita, shake off, drive away, diminish the bonds of the Brahmin-slayer. He who measured out the thirteenth month, composed of thirty parts, by days and nights—against that god, this is the offense: whoever overcomes a learned Brahmin who knows thus. Rohita, shake off, drive away, diminish the bonds of the Brahmin-slayer. The black-going, golden-winged, excellent birds, clothed in waters, fly up to heaven; they return from the seat of truth—against that god, this is the offense: whoever overcomes a learned Brahmin who knows thus. Rohita, shake off, drive away, diminish the bonds of the Brahmin-slayer. That shining one of yours, O Kaśyapa, that radiant orb, full and resplendent, in which the seven Suns are set together—against that god, this is the offense: whoever overcomes a learned Brahmin who knows thus. Rohita, shake off, drive away, diminish the bonds of the Brahmin-slayer. Bṛhat follows him in front, Rathantara receives him behind; clothed in light, he sits in the seat of steadfastness—against that god, this is the offense: whoever overcomes a learned Brahmin who knows thus. Rohita, shake off, drive away, diminish the bonds of the Brahmin-slayer. Bṛhat is one wing, Rathantara the other, both strong and aligned together; that Rohita the gods generated—against that god, this is the offense: whoever overcomes a learned Brahmin who knows thus. Rohita, shake off, drive away, diminish the bonds of the Brahmin-slayer. He becomes Varuṇa, Agni in the evening; he becomes Mitra at dawn’s rising. Becoming Savitṛ, he moves through the midspace; becoming Indra, he burns in the midst of heaven—against that god, this is the offense: whoever overcomes a learned Brahmin who knows thus. Rohita, shake off, drive away, diminish the bonds of the Brahmin-slayer. A thousand days are the wings of that swift swan flying to heaven; he gathers all the gods in his breast, seeing, he goes to all the worlds—against that god, this is the offense: whoever overcomes a learned Brahmin who knows thus. Rohita, shake off, drive away, diminish the bonds of the Brahmin-slayer. This is that god, with a thousand roots, rough-barked and red, who generated the entire world—against that god, this is the offense: whoever overcomes a learned Brahmin who knows thus. Rohita, shake off, drive away, diminish the bonds of the Brahmin-slayer. The tawny horses bear the radiant one, shining in the sky with brilliance. His upright rays burn the heavens; below, he gleams with golden banners spread wide. This is the offense against that god when angered: whoever overcomes a learned Brahmin who knows thus. Stir, O Red One, drive away, diminish; release the bonds of the knower of Brahman. By whom the green ones carry the Adityas, by whose sacrifice many attain wisdom; the one light shines forth in many forms. This is the offense against that god when angered: whoever overcomes a learned Brahmin who knows thus. Stir, O Red One, drive away, diminish; release the bonds of the knower of Brahman. Seven harness the chariot with a single wheel; one horse with seven names draws it. The wheel has three naves, unaging and unbroken, upon which all the worlds rest. This is the offense against that god when angered: whoever overcomes a learned Brahmin who knows thus. Stir, O Red One, drive away, diminish; release the bonds of the knower of Brahman. The fierce fire, yoked eightfold, bears onward; the father of the gods, the creator of thoughts. Measuring the thread of truth with his mind, Mātariśvan moves through all directions. This is the offense against that god when angered: whoever overcomes a learned Brahmin who knows thus. Stir, O Red One, drive away, diminish; release the bonds of the knower of Brahman. All directions follow the straight thread, within the Gāyatrī, in the womb of immortality. This is the offense against that god when angered: whoever overcomes a learned Brahmin who knows thus. Stir, O Red One, drive away, diminish; release the bonds of the knower of Brahman. Three dawns descend, three dawns rise, three are the regions of the sky, and three are the heavens. We know your triple birth, O Agni; we know the three origins of the gods. This is the offense against that god when angered: whoever overcomes a learned Brahmin who knows thus. Stir, O Red One, drive away, diminish; release the bonds of the knower of Brahman. He, being born, spread out the earth with his wool, and placed the atmosphere upon the ocean. This is the offense against that god when angered: whoever overcomes a learned Brahmin who knows thus. Stir, O Red One, drive away, diminish; release the bonds of the knower of Brahman. You, Agni, are established by acts and signs; as the shining one, kindled, you appear in the sky. What did the Maruts, sons of Pṛśni, praise when the gods begot the Red One? This is the offense against that god when angered: whoever overcomes a learned Brahmin who knows thus. Stir, O Red One, drive away, diminish; release the bonds of the knower of Brahman. Thus, the glory, the movement, and the mystery of the Sun, Rohita, Agni, and the divine order are revealed—each a guardian, a creator, a witness to truth and sacrifice, and the upholder of cosmic law.